DECELLULAR BUBALINE DIAPHRAGMATIC SCAFFOLD FOR REPAIR OF ORAL DEFECTS IN DOG
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Date
2018
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Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University Jabalpur
Abstract
In dogs oral defects are very common. In dog mostly oronasal fistula develops secondary to extraction of maxillary canine teeth and upper 4th premolar teeth. Closure of these defects is very difficult because of limited mucoperiostium availability in the oral cavity, continuous irritation due to saliva and mobility. Looking to this the present study was designed with the following objectives; to standardize the procedure for placement of xenogenic decellular bubaline diaphragmatic scaffold for oral defects in dogs and to compare xenogenic decellular bubaline diaphragmatic scaffold with gingival flap for repair of oral defects in dogs.
During the study period oral cavity of 62 dogs brought to the T.V.C.C. Jabalpur were examined irrespective of age, sex and breed. In T.V.C.C. Jabalpur the incidence of periodontal diseases was recorded as 1.09%. Gingivitis and dental tartar were found in all dogs except with traumatic injury. Gingival hyperplasia 12.95%, gingival recession 19.35%, furcation 9.67%, tumorous growth 9.67%, oronasal fistula 4.83%, dental fistula 1.61%, chronic mouth ulcer 6.45%, epulis 1.61% and accidental injury 6.45% were recorded.
Study was conducted in two phases in phase I decellular bubaline diaphragmatic scaffold was prepared using 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) as a detergent and stored at -200 C till use. In phase II out of these 62 cases 12 dogs suffering with oral defect were randomly divided into two equal groups comprising of 6 animals each. In group I repair of oral defect by autologus gingival advancement flap was done and in group II repair of oral defect by xenogenic decellular bubaline diaphragmatic scaffold was done.
The symptoms like foul smelling mucopurulent discharges, pyrexia, ulcerated gum, pus along the gum line, severe tartar deposit and mobile teeth or defect due to loss of teeth etc. were examined. Among these 12 cases maximum incidence of oral fistulous defect was observed in young animals of dog in 4-7 years age (41.66%). In study male dogs (66.66%) were found more prone for oral fistulous defect in comparison to female dogs (33.33%). the dogs maintained on pure vegetarian showed oral defects earlier than combined diet and non vegetarian dogs’
The periodontal probing depth was recorded from 3 mm to 9 mm the average size of oral defect was 5.0±0.73 mm - 5.5±0.88mm that was medium. The premolar oral defect was observed more followed by canine defect and ventral defect. In dogs different types of oral defect were observed most of the cases were of dentoalveolar pockets followed by oronasal fistula and ventral fistula.
Heart rate, respiration rate and capillary refill time was within normal physiological limit in both the groups. Haematological parameters were also fluctuated within normal physiological limit in both the groups.
For placement of scaffold three different procedures were performed among which placement of double scaffold with mucoperiosteal covering was found to be more successful. In value of degree of inflammation significant reduction was seen in group I and group II from day 0 to day 14 and on visual healing assessment from day 14 to day 90 normal pinkish mucous membrane at site of oral defect was observed which was suggestive of complete healing. Complication in group I was recurrence that was in 33.33% cases and in group II the complication was suture dehiscence in 16.66% casess. Success rate in group I was 66.66% and in group II was 83.33%.
On the basis of present study it was concluded that double scaffold placement with mucoperiosteal covering showed less recurrence rate as comparision to advancement flap technique. Decellular bubaline diaphragmatic scaffold can be used successfully in clinical cases of oral defect.
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