In vitro regeneration and genetic variation analysis using molecular markers in selected banana cultivars of Meghalaya
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Date
2018
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College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Central Agricultural University, Imphal
Abstract
Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the important fruit and vegetable crop of India. Limitation of low multiplication, damage and diseases prone problems with conventional propagation can be overcome by plant tissue culture method which has potential for rapid multiplication of disease free plants from a single plant and independent production of planting material all year round. The genetic variation study can help in utilizing the genetic potential of genotypes in crop improvement programmes such as for stress resistance or disease resistance. Such studies will enhance the knowledge about the genotypes and help in germplasm conservation of important Musa spp. Therefore, the present study aimed at developing a protocol for in vitro regeneration of two banana genotypes (Songdu and Malbhog) and to assess the genetic variability among 10 banana genotypes (Malbhog, Songdu, Samol, Saheb, Watre, Rekbok, Champa, Champa gisim, Monaratchi and Atigola) collected from different region of East Garo Hills district of Meghalaya which will definitely help insubsequent crop improvement programmes. Thirteen various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators and one control (only MS media) were used, out of which only 9 media composition gave response. MS11 (50 μM BAP + 30 μMIAA) produced the longest shoot length with an average of 9.5 cm in both the cultivars which Songdu accounts with an average of 9.73 cm and Malbhog with an average of 9.26 cm. ANOVA performed for shoot length for different concentration and combinations of PGR showed significant difference at 0.05, level of significance. More number of leaves was observed in MS8 (40 μM BAP + 15 μM NAA) and MS10 (20 μMBAP + 5 μM IAA) with an average of 3.16 number of leaves in both the varieties. The highest number of roots in Songdu and Malbhog was observed in RM5 (10 μM IBA) than in RM4 (10 μM BAP+ 5 μM NAA) with an average of 3.5 and 2.5 number of roots respectively. Higher root length was also observed in RM5 than in RM4. The genetic diversity analysis was done using RAPD and SSR markers. The generated genetic distance ranged from 4.429 to 6.701. The Euclidean distance showed that the highest genetic distance of 6.701 was found between Champa and Atigola. While the lowest genetic distance of 4.429 was found between Champa and Malbhog. The dendrogram generated based on both the markers (SSR and RAPD) indentified two major clusters which were again subdivided and grouped according to how closely related the genotypes are. The studied in vitro regeneration can be helpful regarding the choice of concentration and combination of plant growth regulators and MS11 and MS5 (20 μMBAP + 5 μM NAA) can be recommended for shoot elongation after subculture in micro propagation studies. The genetic diversity studies conducted will help in further crop improvement programmes in identification and germplasm preservation.