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Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa
In the imperial Gazetteer of India 1878, Pusa was recorded as a government estate of about 1350 acres in Darbhanba. It was acquired by East India Company for running a stud farm to supply better breed of horses mainly for the army. Frequent incidence of glanders disease (swelling of glands), mostly affecting the valuable imported bloodstock made the civil veterinary department to shift the entire stock out of Pusa. A British tobacco concern Beg Sutherland & co. got the estate on lease but it also left in 1897 abandoning the government estate of Pusa.
Lord Mayo, The Viceroy and Governor General, had been repeatedly trying to get through his proposal for setting up a directorate general of Agriculture that would take care of the soil and its productivity, formulate newer techniques of cultivation, improve the quality of seeds and livestock and also arrange for imparting agricultural education. The government of India had invited a British expert. Dr. J. A. Voelcker who had submitted as report on the development of Indian agriculture. As a follow-up action, three experts in different fields were appointed for the first time during 1885 to 1895 namely, agricultural chemist (Dr. J. W. Leafer), cryptogamic botanist (Dr. R. A. Butler) and entomologist (Dr. H. Maxwell Lefroy) with headquarters at Dehradun (U.P.) in the forest Research Institute complex.
Surprisingly, until now Pusa, which was destined to become the centre of agricultural revolution in the country, was lying as before an abandoned government estate. In 1898. Lord Curzon took over as the viceroy. A widely traveled person and an administrator, he salvaged out the earlier proposal and got London’s approval for the appointment of the inspector General of Agriculture to which the first incumbent Mr. J. Mollison (Dy. Director of Agriculture, Bombay) joined in 1901 with headquarters at Nagpur
The then government of Bengal had mooted in 1902 a proposal to the centre for setting up a model cattle farm for improving the dilapidated condition of the livestock at Pusa estate where plenty of land, water and feed would be available, and with Mr. Mollison’s support this was accepted in principle. Around Pusa, there were many British planters and also an indigo research centre Dalsing Sarai (near Pusa). Mr. Mollison’s visits to this mini British kingdom and his strong recommendations. In favour of Pusa as the most ideal place for the Bengal government project obviously caught the attention for the viceroy.
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ThesisItem Open Access Effect of foliar feeding of micronutrients and plant growth regulators on yield and quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda under agroecological-condition of north Bihar(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Suman, Achyut; Singh, Anil KumarThe present investigations on “Effect of foliar feeding of micronutrients and plant growth regulators on yield and quality of Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda under agroecological-condition of north Bihar” were carried out during the year 2018-19 in the Guava Block of Model Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India. The different treatments included micronutrients and plant growth regulators at different concentrations and a control. The spray was done in the month of July and readings for various flowering and fruiting attributes were taken. It was observed that Treatment T2 (60 ppm GA3) took minimum days to first flowering among all treatments and exhibited significantly highest number of flowers per shoot over rest of the treatments. The fruit set (%) values under various treatments ranged between 65.00 - 92.33 whereas in case of fruit retention the maximum value was 55.00 % and minimum value was 38.33%. Fruit physical parameters were found to be the best with T9 (0.4% Borax). Fruit chemical parameters were found to be the best with treatment 0.4% Borax (T9). The maximum fruit yield was recorded with T2 (60 ppm GA3). The organoleptic score was highest in T2 (60 ppm GA3). The highest B:C ratio was obtained in treatment T2 (60 ppm GA3) as compared to other treatment. It can be concluded that foliar spray of 60 ppm GA3 and 0.4 % Borax at higher concentration tended to exhibit better flowering, yield and quality of guava fruits.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of canopy characteristics for quality production of litchi in rectangular system of planting(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Lalrinngheta, Jonathan; Pandey, S.D.An attempt was made to understand effect of canopy characteristics on 12 years old litchi trees under 6 m x 4 m rectangular system at Space and Height Experimental Block of NRC on Litchi, Musahari, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. The study was subjected to three different pruning intensities viz. 2 m, 2.5 m and 3 m height above ground level and no pruning as control. The least vegetative characteristics such as height, plant spread, canopy volume and canopy area were observed under most severe pruning i.e. 2 m height while maximum were under control. The light interception in different parts of canopy viz. upper, middle and lower canopy was superior under most intense pruning. The interception of light in the upper canopy was significant and severe pruning at 2 m and 2.5 m were at par statistically. The anthocyanin content and colour of peel were also significantly greater under most intense pruning while the yield and yield attributing characters such as fruit size, fruit weight and number of fruits per panicles were also significantly superior under most intense pruning and least were recorded under control. Pruning had a significant effect on physical characters such as peel and pulp weight, pulp: seed ratio but it does not influence the weight of the seed nor percentage pulp recovery. The quality attributes such as TSS, total phenolics content of pulp and titrable acidity and TSS:Acid ratio for local market fruits were significantly influenced by pruning intensity. The effect on economic parameters such as return per tree, return per hectare, benefits and benefit:cost ratio were also positively influenced by pruning intensity. The study revealed that pruning at 2 m height proves to be superior in most of the recorded parameters and an ideal standard height for 6 m x 4 m high density system ensuring superior yield and fruit quality.ThesisItem Open Access Effect of bio regulators on flower and fruit drop control in tomato. (Solanum lycopersicum L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) B., Kavyashree; Kumar, UditThe present investigation was carried out at Vegetable Research Farm of Dr. cRajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, during 2019-20 research the impact of bio-regulators on plants (NAA and GA3) on morphological, flowering, physiological, yield and yield attributing and biochemical parameters of tomato using cultivar “Kashi Vishesh”. With seven treatments and three replications, the experiment was set out in Randomized Block Design (RBD). Treatments consist of different levels of NAA (T1@ 10 ppm, T2 @ 20 ppm, and T3@ 30 ppm), GA3 (T4 @ 50 ppm, T5 @ 100 ppm, and T6 @ 150 ppm) along with control (T7 @ sprayed only distilled water). These different concentrations of NAA and GA3 were sprayed on the crop at 25, 50, and 75 days after transplanting to study the different parameters at all successive stages of crop growth. The outcome stated that the morphological parameters were greatly affected by different levels of NAA and GA3 at all the successive growth stages except at 25 days after transplanting. Treatment T3 (NAA @ 30 ppm) produced maximum plant height, number of branches per plant, and number of leaves per plant which were at par with treatment T5 (GA3 @ 100 ppm) at 50 and 75 days after transplanting respectively. The minimum plant height, number of branches per plant, and number of leaves per plant were observed with treatment control i.e. T7 (only distilled water) at 50 and 75 days after transplanting respectively. All flowering and physiological parameters were also greatly influenced by the application of growth regulators (NAA and GA3). Minimum days to 50 % flowering (56.32 %), maximum number of flowering branches per plant (10.58), maximum number of flowers per plant (49.95), maximum leaf area index (3.203), maximum relative water content (1.473 %) and maximum shelf life (21.11 days) were recorded with treatment T5 (GA3 at 100 ppm). Yield and yield attributing parameters such as minimum fruit drop percentage (0.44 %), maximum number of fruit set per plant (67.22 %), maximum number of fruits per plant (29.44), maximum equatorial diameter of fruit (5.177 cm), maximum polar diameter of the fruit (4.957 cm), maximum average yield per plant (2.637 Kg), maximum yield per hectare (29.06 t/ha), were also recorded with the treatment T5 (GA3 at 100 ppm). Biochemical parameters like minimum ABA (0.018 %), maximum TSS content of the fruit (4.8130 Brix), minimum acidity of the fruit (0.420 %), and maximum ascorbic acid content of the fruit (11.660 mg/100g) were also recorded with the treatment T5 (GA3 at 100 ppm). Maximum values of fruit drop, ABA, and acidity of the fruit percentage and minimum values of rest parameters were recorded with the treatment T7 (only distilled water). Maximum (2.69) benefit-cost ratio was also recorded with the treatment T5 (GA3 at 100 ppm) and minimum (1.67) with the treatment T7 (only distilled water). It may be concluded that in subtropical climate, farmers face flower and fruit drop problem due to high temperatures in kharif and late kharif season, to overcome that problem they can use plant growth regulator GA3 @ 100 ppm to increase flowering, fruit set, fruit size and control the fruit drop.ThesisItem Open Access Assessment of genetic diversity in genotypes of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench](DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Yadav, Sudheer Kumar; Singh, S.P.The field experiment of this investigation was conducted at Dholi Kothi Farm, Tirhut College Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, a campus of Dr. Rajendra Prasad central agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur-Bihar during Kharif season 2019-2020 to studies the twenty five genotypes of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] in RBD with three replications. Analysis of variance for experimental design between all genotypes for twelve observation exhibited highly significant. The GCV and PCV were maximum for the character like fruit yield per plant (g) followed by plant height (cm), YVMV incidence (%), number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant, days to fruit picking, fruit length (cm), and days to first flowering. The traits like number of primary branches per plant, number of seeds per fruit, YVMV incidence (%) exhibited maximum heritability in broad sense coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean which might be assigned to additive gene action which may be useful for crop improvement through simple breeding programme at phenotypic level. Fruit yield per plant exhibited a highly significant and positive correlation with plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, fruit length (cm), average fruit weight (g) and the number of fruits per plant exhibited that selection of the parent on the basis of these observation is more useful for maximum crop yield. Path coefficient association exhibited that fruit yield per plant indicated high positive direct effect with number of fruits per plant and a low indirect effect via YVMV incidence (%) and days to first flowering exhibited that these traits would be more useful for yield improvement. The twenty five genotypes of okra were grouped into six clusters using Tocher’s method. Cluster I had maximum nineteen genotypes and cluster IV had two genotypes while, cluster II, III, V, and VI cluster had one genotype each i.e. monogenotypic. Indicated that more extent of genetic diversity and thus may be utilized hybridization programme for getting high yielding recombinants.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on divergence of vegetative and fruiting attributes of different longan genotypes (Dimocarpus longan Lour)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kumar, Ajay; Gupta, A.K.An experiment was conducted at ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur (Bihar) during the year of 2019-20 to evaluate the twenty genotypes of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) in Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the available genotypes for all the traits except peel weight and titratable acidity. The GCV and PCV were observed high for the traits viz., aril weight, tree volume, trunk girth, number of fruit per bunch, TSS: acidity ratio, fruit colour (a), aril thickness, petiole length, titratable acidity, length of inflorescence, fruit weight, rachis length and width of inflorescence whereas lower PCV, GCV observed for fruit length, flowering duration, seed length, ascorbic acid, fruit width, seed width, TSS, number of days from fruit set to maturity and number of leaflets. High heritability estimate coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean exhibited by traits viz., crown diameter, leaflet blade length, leaflet blade width, rachis length, petiole length, length of inflorescence, width of inflorescence, number of fruits per bunch, fruit weight, fruit colour-a, fruit color –b, aril weight, aril thickness, peel weight, seed weight, TSS, titratable acidity and TSS: acid ratio. Hence, it indicated the presence of additive gene effects and the breeder can be done direct selection by using these traits for further crop improvement. The phenotypic and genotypic association of fruit weight was significant and positive with aril weight, fruit length, fruit width, aril thickness, TSS, TSS: acidity ratio, number of fruit per bunch, ascorbic acid and rachis length, suggesting that selection based on these characters would result better genotypes with higher yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed the positive direct effect on fruit weight were exhibited by leaflet blade width, rachis length, flowering duration, length of inflorescence, fruit length, fruit colour-a, fruit colour-b, aril weight, aril thickness, seed weight, TSS, titratable acidity, TSS: acid ratio, trunk girth, tree volume and number of days from fruit set to maturity, indicating that these characters would be more reliable for crop improvement. The twenty longan genotypes were grouped into six clusters using Tocher’s method. Cluster I had exhibited maximum number of genotypes (7) followed by cluster III (6), cluster II (4) and cluster IV, V and VI comprising single genotype (monogenotypic). The genotypes in cluster III and cluster VI exhibited high degree of genetic diversity due to maximum inter cluster distance between them. It indicating clusters may be utilized under inter varietal hybridization programme (transgressive breeding) for getting high yielding recombinants.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on genetic variability and character association in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Chopdar, Ramdhan; PramilaThe present study was carried out at Vegetable Research farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during Rainy Season 2019 using thirty one brinjal genotypes including the check, Utkal Jyoti in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The observations were recorded on eighteen putative characters that include both qualitative and quantitative indicate namely, plant height (cm), number of primary branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvesting, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), fruit pedicel length (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), fruit yield per plant (kg), total soluble solids (ᴼBrix), phenol content (mg/100g), long styled flower (%), medium styled flower (%), short styled flower (%) and pseudo-short styled flower (%). The different statistical parameters used for interpretation of data were Analysis of Variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic Variance, Genotypic and Phenotypic coefficient of Variance, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Path Coefficient Analysis and Genetic Diversity to study nature and magnitude of variability and diversity. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant difference among thirty one genotypes of brinjal for all the eighteen characters from the variability studies. High estimates of PCV were observed for traits phenol content, marketable fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per plant, pseudo-short styled flower, average fruit weight, short style flower, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, unmarketable fruit yield per plant, fruit width and medium style flower whereas moderate GCV and PCV were recorded for fruit pedicle length, long style flower, number of primary branches, days to 50% flowering, plant height and TSS. In present set of materials high heritability with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for phenol content, fruit length, average fruit weight, fruit pedicle length, fruit width, days to 50% flowering, number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant, marketable fruit yield per plant, pseudo-short styled flower and unmarketable fruit yield per plant indicating preponderance of additive gene effect, which will facilitate selection in early segregating generation. Traits like marketable fruit yield per plant, unmarketable fruit yield per plant, average fruit weight, number of fruits per plant and fruit width showed significant positive correlation with fruit yield per plant and have positive direct effect at phenotypic level indicating the importance of these characters for further yield improvement. Path analysis revealed traits like number of fruit per plant, average fruit weight, marketable fruit yield per plant and unmarketable fruit yield per had positive direct effect as well fruit length and long style flower percent had indirect effect on fruit yield per plant at phenotypic level. Thirty one genotypes of brinjal were grouped into 6 clusters using Tocher’s clustering method. Cluster I had maximum twelve genotypes, cluster II, III, IV, V and VI each had three, three, one, four and eight genotypes respectively. Highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster II and cluster V followed by between cluster IV and cluster V. Highest intra cluster distance was observed in cluster VI followed by cluster I, Cluster III showed higher mean performance for most of the yield attributing characters therefore, selection of parents from this cluster would be effective. Phenol content and pseudo-short style flower were major characters contributing towards genetic divergence. This shows that variability in the genotypes is only due to these characters which will offer a good scope for improvement of yield through rational selection of parental genotypes. Based on the result of all major parameter including qualitative and quantitative indices under present investigation, genotype Utkal Jyoti, Swarna Shyamly and Neelum Long appeared to the outstanding performs.ThesisItem Open Access Genetic variation and character association studies in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) A.B, Deepak; PramilaThe present study entitled “Genetic Variation and Character Association Studies in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)” was passed on “Vegetable Research Farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar”. The trail laid in randomized block design (RBD) strategy comprises three repetitions conducting thru kharif season 2019. The twenty-two genotypes of cucumber were studied for thirteen quantitative traits including fruit yield per plant. The result enclosed that ANOVA marked a wide range of significant variances amongst twenty-two genotypes aimed on thirteen quantifiable characters. The (PCV) phenotypic coefficient of variation noted slightly greater than equivalent (GCV) genotypic coefficient of variation which representing a role of genotypes in manifestation of studied traits. The greater heritability attached with greater (GA) genetic advance (percent of mean) were detected for the node number at which first female flower appeared, fruit length, fruit diameter, inter nodal length, average fruit weight, fruit yield, number of primary branches as well as vine length at final harvest. Selection on these studied traits in an early generation will be effective in crop improvement program. The traits such as average fruit weight then the number of fruits per plant unveiled significant as well as positively correlated thru the fruit yield per plant encompassing its higher and direct positive outcome while, number of primary branches per plant and fruit diameter also shown positive as well as significant correlation coefficient thru the fruit yield per plant comprising high and positively indirect correlation via number of fruits per plant as well as average fruit weight, suggesting that during course of selection emphasis should be given to number of fruits and average fruit weight traits toward enhance the fruit yield per plant of cucumber. The placement of genotypes in the different cluster does not have any geographical similarity except cluster IV suggesting that the genotypes belonging in one cluster having genetical similarity. Among the five clusters a maximum inter-cluster performance was exhibited among cluster number IV in addition cluster number V fallowed by cluster number II as well as cluster number V. Since a maximum cluster mean of yield contributing traits such as number of primary branches, fruit diameter, average fruit weight then number of fruit per plant was observed in cluster number II as well as greater cluster performance marked in cluster number II then cluster number V. thus, inter crossing between the genotypes fitting to cluster number II as well as cluster number V was suggesting to advance maximum yielding recombinants.ThesisItem Open Access Divergence and character association study in potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.)(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Kanwar, Arjun; Yadav, L.M.The present investigation was carried out with twenty five diverse genotypes of potato entitled “DIVERGENCE AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION STUDY IN POTATO (Solanum tuberosum L.)” at the experimental field of All India Coordinated Research Project on Potato at Tirthut college of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar of DRPCAU in Randomized block design with three replication during the Rabi season of 2019-2020. Different quantitative characters studied includes days to 50% emergence, plant height, number of shoots per plant, number of compound leaves per plant, number of tubers per plant, tuber dry matter, harvest index, specific gravity, yield per plant, unmarketable tuber yield, marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield. Statistical analysis was performed to study analysis of variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient analysis, path analysis and genetic diversity. Analysis of variance for twelve quantitative characters shows that there exist the highly significant differences among the genotypes. Indicating ample amount of genetic variability among the genotypes. In general the PCV values were slightly higher than the GCV values which revealed the meagre effect of environment on these traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for number of tubers per plant, unmarketable tuber yield, marketable tuber yield and total tuber yield suggesting preponderance of additive gene action thus paving the way for direct selection. Total tuber yield showed positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of compound leaves per plant, number of tubers per plant, marketable tuber yield, yield per plant, harvest index and specific gravity suggesting these traits as prime traits which would be considered for selection to increase the tuber yield. Characters number of tubers per plant, harvest index, yield per plant and marketable tuber yield exhibited positive and significant correlation with total tuber yield comprising their positive and direct effect hence during the selection importance should be given to these characters for improvement of the yield Twenty five genotypes were grouped into six clusters. Genotypes grouped into cluster III and II were more diverse and hence selecting these genotypes will be beneficial for getting heterotic recombinant. Genotype grouped in cluster VI (J-13-136) can be used as a donor parent in hybridization scheme for increasing the tuber yield of potato. From the present investigation some superior genotypes were reported based on the mean performance of the genotypes for tuber yield and its associate traits viz., KP 15/C-5, J-14-195 and J-13-96.ThesisItem Open Access Studies on bunch covering in Banana cv. Grand Naine(DRPCAU, Pusa, 2020) Chougala, Ajay; Kanth, NeeharikaThe aim was to assess the effect of bunch cover for quality production in banana cv. Grand Naine over control of plants having un-covered bunches. The field experiment was carried at AICRP for fruit crops, RPCAU Pusa, Samastipur, during the year 2018-2019. The treatment consisted of different bunch covering materials viz., Blue non-woven polypropylene, Black fabric, Transparent polythene bag, Paper bag, Jute/gunny bag, Jute bag+ transparent polythene bag, Dry banana leaves and were compared with control (without bunch covering). The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with eight treatments. which were replicated thrice. Results of present study showed that bunch covering with blue non-woven polypropylene recorded significantly higher mean finger length (18.76 cm), mean finger weight (122.07 g), bunch length (68.13 cm), bunch girth (38.06 cm), bunch weight (24 kg), weight of second hand (1.43 kg), fruit yield (74.04 tons/ ha), gross returns (7,40,400.00), net income ( Rs 5,28,327.00). Whereas treatment with transparent polythene bag recorded maximum pulp weight (89.66 g), pulp: peel ratio (2.96), least off-grade fingers (3.33) and higher B: C ratio (2.53). These two treatments are at par with each other in almost all parameters which were studied. The treatment control (no bunch cover) recorded higher scarring beetle infestation (26%), Off-grade fingers (17%), TSS (21.9° Brix), titratable acidity (0.35%) and total sugars (16.03 %). It can be concluded that bunch covering showed significant effect on physio-morphological traits and quality of banana thus, covered bunch banana fruits are more attractive to the consumers, and result in higher market price as well as significantly higher net profit over control.
