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University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru
University of Agricultural Sciences Bangalore, a premier institution of agricultural education and research in the country, began as a small agricultural research farm in 1899 on 30 acres of land donated by Her Excellency Maharani Kempa Nanjammanni Vani Vilasa Sannidhiyavaru, the Regent of Mysore and appointed Dr. Lehmann, German Scientist to initiate research on soil crop response with a Laboratory in the Directorate of Agriculture. Later under the initiative of the Dewan of Mysore Sir M. Vishweshwaraiah, the Mysore Agriculture Residential School was established in 1913 at Hebbal which offered Licentiate in Agriculture and later offered a diploma programme in agriculture during 1920. The School was upgraded to Agriculture Collegein 1946 which offered four year degree programs in Agriculture. The Government of Mysore headed by Sri. S. Nijalingappa, the then Chief Minister, established the University of Agricultural Sciences on the pattern of Land Grant College system of USA and the University of Agricultural Sciences Act No. 22 was passed in Legislative Assembly in 1963. Dr. Zakir Hussain, the Vice President of India inaugurated the University on 21st August 1964.
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ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF FERTIGATION ON GROWTH, YIELD AND NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY IN AEROBIC RICE-COWPEA CROPPING SEQUENCE(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-05-15) JAYANTHI, T.; P. K. BASAVARAJAA field experiment was undertaken at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru to study the effect of fertigation on growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency in aerobic rice-cowpea cropping sequence during 2015-16 and 2016-17. Hybrid rice was tested under aerobic condition with 16 treatments replicated thrice in randomized block design. Treatments includes Control, 100% RDF through conventional fertilizers (CF) as per package of practice (PoP), application of RDF with CF through fertigation at 4 and 8 days interval and also different doses (30, 50 & 100%) of fertilisers through recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) and soil test crop response (STCR) approaches using water soluble fertilizers (WSF) through fertigation at 4 and 8 days interval (DI). The results indicated that, significantly higher plant height, tillers hill-1 and total dry matter accumulation hill-1, panicles hill-1, test weight, filled grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield (62.98 q ha-1) and straw yield (85.26 q ha-1) of aerobic rice were recorded with 100% STCR dose through fertigation of WSF at 8 DI over soil application of 100% RDF through CF as per PoP. Similarly, significantly higher uptake of primary and secondary nutrients by rice was recorded in treatment receiving fertigation with 100% STCR dose through WSF at 8 DI. However, significantly higher available N, P2O5 and K2O contents in soil were recorded in fertigation with 100% STCR dose through WSF at 4 DI. Treatment with 100% RDF through CF at 4 DI recorded significantly higher B: C ratio (2.74). In the residual study with cowpea crop, treatment with 100% RDF through WSF at 8 DI for aerobic rice recorded significantly higher plant height, branches plant-1, total dry matter accumulation plant-1, pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, test weight, seed yield (12.94 q ha-1) and haulm yield (26.17 q ha-1) of cowpea.ThesisItem Embargo EFFECT OF WATERSHED-BASED INTERVENTIONS ON SOIL KEY PROPERTIES, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, YIELD, UPTAKE AND NUTRIENT CONTENT OF SELECTED CROP IN SELECTED LAND USE SYSTEM OF APPANAHALLI SUB WATERSHED OF GUBBI TALUK, KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) SAYANTIKA BHATTACHARYA; CHIKKARAMAPPA, T.An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of watershed based interventions on soil key properties, carbon sequestration, yield, uptake and nutrient content of ragi crop in three land use systems (upland, midland and flatland) of Appanahalli sub watershed of Gubbi Taluk, Karnataka. Surface and sub-surface soil samples were collected at 320 m grid interval and collected ragi straw along with ear heads were transported to laboratory and analysed. The results were compared with the previous study of 2017. Soils of Appanahalli sub watershed were grouped into five textural classes viz, sandy loam, loamy sand, sandy clay, sandy clay loam and clay with a bulk density value of 1.43 Mg m-3. The pH of the soil varied from strongly acidic to moderately alkaline with EC value of 0.16 dS m-1 and cation exchange capacity value of 19.81 dSm-1. Soil was medium in organic carbon, available N, P2O5 and K2O, high in sulphur, low in B with sufficient content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. The mean values of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were 366.73 μg g-1 and 42.08 μg g- 1, respectively. Concentration of macro and micro-nutrients were more in flatland when compared to upland. Very labile carbon, labile carbon, less labile carbon, non-labile carbon, inorganic carbon, particulate organic carbon and active carbon values were more in flatland of the watershed. Soil organic carbon stock in Appanahalli sub watershed is 1.46 kg m-2 and a total of 0.20 Mg C ha-1 has been sequestered in the period of four years. Grain yield (23.28 q ha-1) and straw yield (27.12 q ha-1) of finger millet grown in sub watershed were higher in flatland compared to upland because of surface accumulation of nutrients and organic matter. In comparison with earlier study of 2017, no significant variation was observed in soil nutrients and finger millet yield except soil available nitrogenThesisItem Embargo SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NANO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZERS AND EVALUATING ITS EFFICACY ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY AND PHOSPHORUS USE EFFICIENCY IN ALFISOL(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-30) RASHMI, C. M.; PRAKASH, S. S.Nano phosphorus fertilizers namely hydroxyapatite (NP1), nano rockphosphate (NP2) and carboxy methyl cellulose coated hydroxyapatite (NP3) were synthesized and characterized using PXRD, SEM, FTIR and DLS techniques which confirmed all the synthesized materials having nano material characteristics. Incubation study was conducted for 120 days using the synthesized nano phosphorus materials. The results revealed that saloid bound P, aluminium bound P, iron bound P, calcium bound P and reductant soluble P content decreased while occluded P, organic P and total P content (142.7 to 144.06 mg kg-1) increased with incubation time. To evaluate the efficacy of nano P fertilizer in maize, a field experiment was conducted with eleven treatments replicated t hrice. The results revealed that T9 treatment recorded significantly higher growth parameters, yield attributes and yield (73.59 q ha-1) of maize. The nutrients (macro and micronutrient) content in maize kernel and stover were significantly higher with the application of 75% RDP through SSP along with nano P fertilizers (Either 5% RDP through soil application or 1% RDP through foliar spray or both). Available N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S content in postharvest soil were increased in 100% RPP treatment. Higher PUE (38.20 %) was found in T9 treatment. Higher B:C ratio of 3.03 was recorded in T10 treatment. The content of saloid bound P, aluminium bound P, iron bound P, reductant soluble P and Ca bound P content in soil decreased while content of organic P, occluded P and total P in soil increased with crop growth period in all the treatments which received 75 % RDP through SSP along with nano P fertilizers. From this investigation, it is confirmed that soil application of nano-P @ 5% RDP or foliar application @ 1% RDP or combined application can reduce 25 per cent application of conventional P fertilizersThesisItem Embargo IMPACT OF DIFFERENT LAND USE SYSTEMS ON CARBON POOLS AND CARBON MINERALIZATION(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-27) PRADEEP; R. Krishna MurthyLand use changes exert a tenacious impact on carbon pools and carbon mineralization. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the impact of different land use systems, viz., forest land use systems [natural forest (Mixed), teak land use system], horticulture land use systems (mango land use system, guava land use system), agri-horti land use systems (custard apple land use system, amla land use system), agriculture land use system [finger millet–chemical fertilizer based cropping system (FM-CF), finger millet–organic manure based cropping system (FM-OM), finger millet– integrated nutrient management based cropping system (FM-INM)] and agroforestry land use system (Melia dubia land use system) on carbon pools and carbon mineralization at University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bengaluru. The natural forest has highest mean soil organic carbon content. Whereas, the primary nutrients content was significantly higher in FM-INM cropping system. The natural forest recorded significantly higher mean very labile carbon (VLC), labile carbon (LC), less labile carbon (LLC), non-labile carbon (NLC), total carbon, microbial biomass carbon in the sand, silt and clay fractions compared to other land use systems. The conversion of natural forest into different land use systems resulted in the increase of active carbon (AC) pool per cent in the following order: teak land use system < Melia dubia land use system < mango land use system < guava land use system < amla land use system < custard apple land use system < FMINM cropping system < FM-OM cropping system < FM-CF cropping system. The amount of litter fall was highest in mango land use system but decay rate was highest in Melia dubia land use system. Percent carbon mineralization was the maximum under the FM-CF cropping system. Thenatural forest recorded higher soil quality index compared to other land use systems.ThesisItem Embargo SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN LONG TERM FERTILIZATION AND MANURING UNDER FINGER MILLET – MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2023-03-25) LAVANYA, K. R.; G. G. KADALLIA study on soil organic carbon dynamics in long term fertilization and manuring under finger millet-maize cropping system was carried out during 2020-21 at ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru which has been in progress since 1986. The experiment consists of eleven treatments (control, N, NP, different doses of NPK, NPK+FYM, NPK+lime and NPK+FYM+lime) replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design and for the present study one more additional treatment of uncultivated land was considered. Soils samples were collected at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm depth and were analysed for different soil organic carbon fractions viz., organic carbon, water soluble carbon, microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon, carbohydrate carbon, very labile, labile, less labile and recalcitrant carbon and total carbon. The results revealed that continuous application of fertilizers increased SOC over initial content. Irrespective of the soil depth, all carbon fractions and total carbon were higher in uncultivated soil (T12) followed by T10 (100%NPK + FYM + lime), T8 (100% NPK + FYM) and T3 (150% NPK). The rate of carbon mineralization and basal soil respiration (BSR) recorded significantly higher values in T10 and T8. Microbial quotient was higher in T4: 100% NPK + Hand Weeding. Mineralization quotient was higher in 150% NPK. Integration of balanced fertilizers with organics recorded significantly higher humic acid, fulvic acid content, total C and N in extracted humic and fulvic acids and E4/E6. Soil quality index (SQI) and carbon management index(CMI) were highest for the treatments T10 and T8. All the forms of carbon were significantly and positively correlated with soil available nutrients and with grain yields. The absolute control and imbalanced fertilization treatments (N and NP) recorded lower values of all carbon fractions, carbon mineralization rate, BSR, microbial quotients, organic matter fractions, SQI and CMI.ThesisItem Embargo SOIL ORGANIC CARBON DYNAMICS IN LONG TERM FERTILIZATION AND MANURING UNDER FINGER MILLET – MAIZE CROPPING SYSTEM(2023-03-25) LAVANYA K. R.; G. G. KADALLIA study on soil organic carbon dynamics in long term fertilization and manuring under finger millet-maize cropping system was carried out during 2020-21 at ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru which has been in progress since 1986. The experiment consists of eleven treatments (control, N, NP, different doses of NPK, NPK+FYM, NPK+lime and NPK+FYM+lime) replicated thrice in a Randomized Block Design and for the presentstudy one more additional treatment of uncultivated land was considered. Soils samples were collected at 0-15, 15-30, 30-45 and 45-60 cm depth and were analysed for differents oil organic carbon fractions viz., organic carbon, water soluble carbon, microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon, carbohydrate carbon, very labile, labile, less labile and recalcitrant carbon and total carbon. The results revealed that continuous application of fertilizers increased SOC over initial content. Irrespective of the soil depth, all carbon fractions and total carbon were higher in uncultivated soil (T12) followed by T10 (100% NPK + FYM + lime), T8 (100% NPK + FYM) and T3 (150% NPK). The rate of carbon mineralization and basal soil respiration (BSR) recorded significantly higher values in T10 and T8. Microbial quotient was higher in T4: 100% NPK + Hand Weeding. Mineralization quotient was higher in 150% NPK. Integration of balanced fertilizers with organics recorded significantly higher humic acid, fulvic acid content, total C and N in extracted humic and fulvic acids and E4/E6. Soil quality index (SQI) and carbon management index(CMI) were highest for the treatments T10 and T8. All the forms of carbon were significantly and positively correlated with soil available nutrients and with grain yields. The absolute control and imbalanced fertilization treatments (N and NP) recorded lower values of all carbon fractions, carbon mineralization rate, BSR, microbial quotients, organic matter fractions, SQI and CMI.ThesisItem Embargo BIO-INTERVENTION OF GRANITE ROCK DUST WITH ORGANIC MANURE TO ENHANCE THE POTASSIUM RELEASE RATE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE IN CENTRAL DRY ZONE (ZONE-4), KARNATAKA(2023-02-07) POOJA, S. P.; SATHISH, A.Two field experiments were conducted during two successive Kharif seasons of 2020 and 2021 in Ramagiri, Holalkere Taluk, Chitradurga District, Karnataka, to investigate the effect of bio-intervention of granite rock dust with different organic manures in enhancing the potassium release rate and their effect on productivity of maize. The field experiment comprised of twelve treatments which were replicated thrice in RCBD. From the field experiment it was found that significantly higher kernel (87.63 q ha-1) and stover yield (120.99 q ha-1) were recorded in T11 (75% K +Bio-enriched pressmud compost treated Rock dust @ 6 t/ha) compared 100% RDF alone (T2). In case of K release pattern, the highest Water Soluble K (31.07 mg/kg) at 30 DAS, Exchangeable K (688.12 mg/kg) and Non-Exchangeable K (3660.32 mg/kg) at 120 DAS was found in T11 as compared to other treatments. Significantly highest uptake of N (270.86 Kg/ha), P (40.49 Kg/ha) and K (249.80 Kg/ha) was observed in T11 and similar trend being with respect to uptake of minor nutrients. The highest soil available nutrients after harvest of the maize crop were recorded where bio-intervened granite rock dust was applied than compared to other treatments. From the incubation study which was conducted with 11 treatments replicated thrice in CRD, it was observed that highest release rate of Water Soluble K (139.29 mg/kg) at 30 DAI, Exchangeable K (407.00 mg/kg) and Non-Exchangeable K (4479.95 mg/kg) at 120 DAI was found where soil was used with bio-enriched pressmud compost treated rock dust. Similarly, highest release rate of Water Soluble K (2995.33 mg/kg) at 30 DAI, Exchangeable K (2765.02 mg/kg) and Non-Exchangeable K (17755.90 mg/kg) at 120 DAI was found in Bio-enriched press mud compost treated rock dust without soil.ThesisItem Restricted CHARACTERIZRTION, CLASSIFICATION AND SUITABILITY EVALUATION OF MAJOR GRAPES - GROWING SOILS OF KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2021-01-03) HARSHA B. R; K. S. ANIL KUMARLand characterization, classification and suitability evaluation of grapes-growing pedons were assessed at fifteen taluks covering four agro climatic zones of Karnataka. Study on problems and potentials of grapes cultivation in selected agro-climatic zones was carried out along with the plant sample analysis. Twenty soil profiles were excavated as study site based on the dominance of area falling under grapes production and existing spatial variability of soils. The detailed information of profiles and horizon wise soil samples were collected to study the morphological, physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. Climatic analysis and water retention characteristics of soils of major grapes-growing areas were also done. Based on the characterisation and classification study it was revealed that soils of Doddaballapur (Bangalore Blue and Wine grapes), Bangalore North (GKVK Farm, Rajankunte and IIHR Farm), Devanahalli, Magadi, Hoskote, Chikkaballapur (Dilkush and Red globe), Yelaburga, Hagari Bommanahalli, Bagalkot (UHS farm) and Indi fall under the soil order Alfisol. Vijaypur pedon of northern dry zone was keyed out as Vertisols whereas, Jamkhandi and Athani as Inceptisols. Properties of Aridisols were observed in B. Bagewadi (Manikchaman and Thompson Seedless) and Afzalpur. Soil fertility status and its mapping using GIS technique revealed that all the nutrients were found to be in adequate range except nitrogen, potassium, zinc, iron and boron which indicated the need for application along with organic matter to improve the SOC status. Varieties differed among themselves in yield and plant nutrient composition depending on their age, climatic, soil and management requirements. Bangalore North (GKVK farm) and Jamkhandi are having medium soil organic carbon stocks of 6.21 and 6.55 kg m-3, respectively. Soils of Bangalore North (Rajankunte) were highly suitable (S1) for grapes cultivation. Under northern Karnataka, Vijayapura, B. Bagewadi, Indi and Afzalpur vineyards were good performers despite the limitations of fertility and free lime content.ThesisItem Open Access STUDIES ON ZINC AND BORON APPLICATION ON THE PADDY – COWPEA CROPPING SEQUENCE IN ACID SOILS OF HASSAN DISTRICT, KARNATAKA(University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, 2022-02-08) CHETANA, BANASODE; CHANNAKESHAWA, SField experiments were conducted in the farmers’ field at Bhairapura village, Alur taluk, Hassan district of Karnataka during the Kharif and Rabi season of 2019-2020 to studies on zinc and boron application on the paddy – cowpea cropping sequence in acid soils of Hassan district, Karnataka. Paddy was the test crop to study the direct effect and cowpea cropping sequences in acid soils of Hassan district, Karnataka. Paddy was the test crop to study the direct effect and cowpea crop was raised to study the residual effect. The experiments were laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with thirteen treatments and replicated thrice. The experiments results revealed that significantly higher grain yield of paddy (60.45 q ha-1) and seed yield of 1358-54 kg ha-1 in the succeeding cowpea crop was recorded with the application of NPK (100:50:50 kg ha-1) + FYM (10 t ha-1)+ ZnSO4 @ 25 kg ha-1 + Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 (T5) which was on par with NPK+FYM+25 kg has-1 ZnSO4+10 kg ha-1 Borax (T7). The increase in yield in both the crops was due to improvement in growth and yield parameters and uptake of nutrients. Direct and residual effect of NPK + FYM + ZnSO4 @ 25kg ha-1 Borax @ 5 kg ha-1 recorded significantly higher available S,Zn, B content in soil after harvest of paddy and cowpea. However, significantly higher soil available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content were observed in the treatment that received NPK+FYM in paddy – cowpea cropping system after harvest of both the crops. Study revealed that application NPK + FYM + 25 kg ha-1 ZnSO4+ 10 kg has-1 Borax (T7) recorded significantly higher zinc fractions (WSEX, OC, CRYOX, AMOX, MN and RES Zn) and boron fractions (RS, SA, Oxide, Org and RES B) at harvest of paddy and cowpea crops and it was on par with T5 treatment.
