Tyagi, SPManish, Jain Shivani2023-03-042023-03-042023-02-05https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810194764The present study was done with the objectives of standardization of skull radiography in dogs and the appraisal of the clinical conditions of skull in dogs. Standardization of skull radiography in dogs involved development of assorted positioning devices, formulation of a radiographic technique chart, establishing a standard operative protocol and the development of a ready reckoner atlas of skull radiology. Healthy dogs for either sex and variable age that were presented to the department for different elective procedures were utilized for formulating a kVp variable technique chart and for development of a ready-reckoner atlas of skull radiology in dogs. SOPs for radiography of skull in dogs was established during the standardization phase and was followed strictly during the entire study period. Standard protocol for sedation and general anaesthesia were followed. All the radiographs for formulation of technique chart and development of ready reckoner atlas were taken under general anaesthesia. Standard and ancillary radiographs of skull of healthy dogs were used to prepare the ready-reckoner atlas. The results of the study revealed that at least 16 mAs is required to produce diagnostic quality radiographs of skulls of dogs whereas the kVp obtained as per standard Sante’s rule is sufficient. No influence of skeletal density on requirement of different radiographic factors for skull radiography was found and hence, it was recommended that a uniform technique chart can be employed for both skeletally mature and immature dogs for such purposes. The use of general anaesthesia and assorted radiographic positioning devices was found essential for obtaining diagnostic quality radiographs in complex radiographic views of skull in dogs. Ancillary radiographic views of the skull aided in demonstration of specific structures of skull with less superimposition and hence, found useful in diagnosis of specific conditions. The radiographic details of the frontal sinus of dogs was better visualized in a specialized caudo-dorsal view. The regional occurrence of skull conditions in dogs was 2.83% with a higher distribution in adult dogs (49%). The most common condition of skull was fracture (30.18%) followed by neoplasia (16.98%).EnglishThesis