G. J. JhaMadhrendu Kumar Gupta2024-06-132024-06-131995https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810210422Chemical pesticides have become an integral part of modern agricultural practices. Extensive use of pesticides to augment farm production has increased the risk of health hazards to man and animals and hence it is necessary to know every facets of these toxicants so that suitable preventive and curative measures could be advocated to the users in particular and grazing animals in general. The slow biodegradation of certain pesticides poses greater risk to biological life and hence all the missing gaps in our knowledge must be bridged without being complacent. We have used goat model to study the short and long term effect of chemical pesticide. For the purpose, two sets of experiments were designed viz. acute and chronic toxicity experiment. To study the acute toxicity, ten young, growing Black Bengal male goats were randomly divided into two groups such as control and intoxicated. Intoxicated group consisted of six goats whereas control group had only four animals. Intoxicated animals were drenched with a single dose of cypermethrin at the rate of 500 mg/kg body weight and clinical signs of the toxicity including biochemical alterations, if any, were studied. The clinical signs of the acute cypermethrin intoxication consisted of nervous manifestations such as staggering gait, posterior weakness followed by lateral recumbaney, opisthotonus, tonic spasm and shivering. In addition, there was grinding of teeth, excessive salivation, dyspnoea followed by coma and death. There was a significant progressive increase in serum ALT, AST, blood urea and serum LDH level. Post mortem examination of the dead animals revealed congestion and haemorrhage in most of the visceral organs such as liver, heart, lunge, kidney and meninges of the brain. Mild hydropericardium was also noticed. On the other hand, micro scopic examination of liver revealed wide spread vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and mild centrilobular necrosis. In addition, there was congestion of sinusoida, portal vein and hepatic arteries. In kidney there was acellular and eosino philic albuminous precipitates in the tubular lumen and vacuolar degeneration alongwith congestion was seen in the glomeruli and in the intertubular capillaries. Satellitosis, neuronophagia and mild perivascular cuffing were seen in the cerebrum. Extensive degenerative changes were recorded in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. To find out the long term effect of cypermethrin on goats a chronic toxicity experiment was designed. Twelve young, growing Black Bengal male goats were divided into two groups. The intoxicated group had seven goats and they were daily drenched with cypermethrin at the rate of 30 mg/kg body weight for a period of 90 days. Chronic toxicity symptoms appeared only after 20 days of intoxication. There was development of post erior weakness, roughness of hair coat, loss of body weight, dullness, depression and lacrymation. It is significant to note that the symptoms appeared after drenching of the pesticide and lasted for 2 hours. Biochemical estimations revealed significant increase in the level of serum ALT, AST, AP and blood urea. On the contrary, decrease was noticed in the level of serum AchE act ivity, total protein, albumin and globulin. However, no signi ficant variation was observed in the level of serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus. The effect of chronic cypermethrin toxicity on humoral immunity was assessed by monitoring thEnglishThesis