ROY, DHIRENDRA KUMARVERMA, DEEPAK2023-02-092023-02-092022M/AGRO/132/2020-21https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810193510To determine the most suitable establishment method and efficient weed management practice as well as the economics of various treatments in dry direct-seeded rice, a field experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of Dr. RPCAU, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar during the kharif season of the year 2021.The treatments included three different establishment methods such as broadcasting of seeds, line sowing of seeds, and raised bed sowing, and five different weed management practices such as hand weeding thrice (at 15, 30, and 45 DAS), pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1000 g/ha at 2 DAS followed bypost-emergence applicationof bispyribac-Na @25 g/ha at 25 DAS, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1000 g/ha at 2 DAS followed by one hand-weeding at 25 DAS, mechanical weeding (Cono weeder) thrice at 15, 30 and 45 DAS, and weedy check. A split plot design (SPD) with three replications was used for the experiment. The experiment’s findings revealed that significant difference was noticed among the different establishment methods (except test weight and harvest index) and weed management practices (except harvest index) under dry-DSR. Among establishment methods, line sowing of seeds exhibited better expression of crop growth parameters i.e., plant height (cm), number of tillers (per m2), dry matter accumulation (g/m2), and crop growth rate (g/m2/day); yield attributes i.e., number of panicles (155/m2), panicle length (22.9 cm), number of grains/panicle (125), number of chaffy grains/panicle (12), and test weight (23.6 g), and yield (3.79 t/ha), which was found significantly higher than broadcasting of seeds and statistically at par with the raised bed sowing method. Among weed management practices, hand weeding thrice (at 15, 30, and 45 DAS) showed greater expression in terms of crop growth, yield (4.07 t/ha) and weed parameters, i.e., species wise weed count (number/m2), weed dry weight (0, 2.70 and 5.20 g/m2) at 30, 60, and 90 DAS; weed control efficiency (91.78 % at 90 DAS) and weed index (%), which was found superior to the rest of weed management treatments except weedy check. The maximum number of weeds/m2, number of weed species/m2 and weed dry weight (34.66, 52.50, and 60.81 g/m2 at 30, 60, and 90 DAS) were recorded in the weedy check treatment, which resulted in the highest weed infestation at every stage when compared to the other weed management treatments. Weed competition in the weedy check treatment reduced the rice grain yield by 50.20% under dry-DSR conditions. Among establishment methods, line sowing of seeds was most economical, with ₹ 10600/ha higher net income than broadcasting of seeds, primarily due to higher grain and straw yields (3.79 and 5.78 t/ha). Among weed management practices, pre-emergence application of pendimethalin @1000 g/ha at 2 DAS followed by post-emergence application of bispyribac-Na @25 g/ha at 25 DAS were the most economical, resulting in ₹ 8200/ha and 36991/ha higher net income than weed free (hand weeding thrice at 15, 30, and 45 DAS), and weedy check, respectively.EnglishThesis