Srinivasan, P.Balasubramaniam, G.A.Dorairajan, N.Sumithra, A.TANUVAS2018-02-022018-02-022008http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810040313The present work was carried out to assess the ameliorative effect of Panchagavya on Newcastle disease (ND) in chicken. In the experimental study, 96 cockerels were divided into 8 groups with 12 chicks in each. Panchagavya was fed in three different levels viz. 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 per cent (T3 and T6, T4 and T7 and T5 and T8) from day one. Vaccination against ND was carried out in 4 groups (T2, T6, T7 and T8), but the other 4 groups (T1, T3, T4, and T5) were not vaccinated. All the birds in eight groups were challenged with VNDV. Sera samples were collected from birds at weekly interval after ND vaccination and the post vaccination antibody titre against NDV was assessed by modified filter paper technique. The protective antibody titre (HI) against NDV was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Panchagavya fed and vaccinated groups (T6, T7 and T8) than the vaccinated control group (T2). Among the three levels of Panchagavya inclusion, 0.7 per cent (T8 group) showed highest antibody titre. The growth parameters including, weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio were comparatively better in Panchagavya fed groups than the control. The highest body weight (1159 g) was recorded in 0.7 per cent Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T8), whereas in unvaccinated control group (T1) was about 1028 g at 16th wk. The mean feed consumption was higher in control groups (T1 and T2) than the Panchagavya fed (T3 to T8) groups. The feed conversion ratio was lesser in Panchagavya fed (T3 to T8) groups than the control (T1 and T2) groups. The incubation period in ND infected birds varied from 2 to 5, 5 to 14, 4 to 9, 5 to 10, 5 to 10, 7 to 13, 7 to 13 and 8 to 12 DPI for the groups T1 to T8. Mortality was 100 per cent (12/12), 16.6 (2/12), 83.3 (10/12), 66.6 (8/12), 58.3 (7/12), 8.3 (1/12) and 8.3 (1/12) for the groups T1 to T7. No mortality was observed in birds treated with 0.7 per cent Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T8). The clinical signs of dullness, depression, gasping, oculo nasal discharge and greenish watery diarrhoea were observed in unvaccinated control group (T1). In vaccinated control group (T2), all the above signs were noticed in only few birds. These signs were also observed in other Panchagavya fed groups but with low intensity and for a transient period. Grossly, the unvaccinated control group (T1), revealed multifocal haemorrhages on the mucosa of proventriculus, ulcers with raised borders in the gizzard and intestines and extensive haemorrhages in caecal tonsils. Trachea showed congestion, catarrhal changes and petechial haemorrhages. Spleen showed congestion, enlargement, necrosis and atrophy. In vaccinated control group (T2), petechial haemorrhage on caecal tonsil, moderate congestion of trachea, lung, duodenum, liver and kidney were observed. In Panchagavya fed and unvaccinated groups (T3, T4 and T5), the lesions were similar to that of unvaccinated control group, whereas in Panchagavya fed and vaccinated group (T6, T7 and T8) caecal tonsil haemorrhage, mild congestion of lung and kidneys were observed Histopathologically, in unvaccinated control group (T1), proventriculus showed severe haemorrhages, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Intestine showed diphtheritic enteritis along with vascular changes. Focal deciliation, congestion, edema, infiltration of mononuclear cells and heterophils in submucosa, necrosis and ulceration were noticed in trachea. Congestion and haemorrhages in the alveoli of lungs and mild perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells and spongiosis in brain were observed. Lymphoid depletion along with lymphocellular necrosis and apoptosis were noticed in spleen and caecal tonsils. In vaccinated control group (T2), proventriculus and intestine showed infiltration of mononuclear cells. Depletion of lymphocytes, multifocal areas of necrosis and formation of germinal centres in spleen, diffuse lymphoid infiltration and formation of germinal centres in caecal tonsils were observed. In Panchagavya fed and unvaccinated groups (T3, T4 and T5), haemorrhage, necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells in the proventriculus, diphtheritic changes in the intestine, hypertrophy of goblet cells and loss of cilia in the trachea were noticed. In Panchagavya fed and vaccinated groups (T6, T7 and T8), profuse lymphoid infiltration in proventriculus, congestion and infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the trachea and lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in spleen were observed. Confirmation of the NDV by indirect immunoperoxidase test was carried out in spleen, trachea, proventriculus brain, liver, kidney, lung of all the groups (T1 to T8).en-USVeterinary ScienceVeterinary PathologyThesis