Tiwari, RuchiraNaik, Shilpi2019-01-232019-01-232018-05http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810092061A preliminary and novel study was made to evaluate the bioefficacy of animal urine based formulations against Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura and Bihar Hairy Caterpillar, Spilarctia obliqua under laboratory conditions in Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, G.B Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pant Nagar, Uttarakhand during 2016-17. The bioassay technique based on leaf dip method was followed to find out the growth regulatory effects and antifeedant activity of different animal urine samples collected from Cow breeds i.e. (Desi, Holstein and Jersey), Buffalo, Ox, Goat and Horse @ 20% and animal urine based neem leaf extract @5% against different larval stages of S. litura and S. obliqua based on various growth parameters on treated castor leaves. The growth and development studies clearly showed the efficacy of Desi cow urine, Goat Urine, Horse urine and all animal urine based neem leaf extracts against neonate, 7days old and 4th instar larvae of S. litura and S. obliqua as larval mortality was observed significantly more in treated castor leaves. The neonate larvae of both tested insects were found more sensitive to animal urine based neem leaf extracts as almost all tested larvae died on treated castor leaves. On the other hand, the least growth index values were calculated in castor leaves treated with Ox urine (0.30 and 0.12) and Buffalo urine (0.95 and 0.35) for 7days old larvae of S. litura and S. obliqua, respectively. On the other hand, among the other treatments of animal urine alone and animal urine based neem leaf extracts, the survival of larvae, pupae and adults along with their weights were recorded significantly less with extended larval and pupal developmental period and very less growth index values in comparison to untreated control. The studies conducted on antifeedant activity of animal urine based formulations showed that Goat urine, Desi cow urine neem leaf extract (DCUNLE) and Goat urine neem leaf extract (GUNLE) were found with strong antifeedant action with preference index between (0.48-0.49) against 4th instar larvae of S. litura whereas Goat urine, DCUNLE(Desi cow urine neem leaf extract), GUNLE (Goat urine neem leaf extract), Ox urine neem leaf extract (OUNLE), Buffalo urine neem leaf extract (BUNLE) and Horse urine neem leaf extract (HUNLE) showed strong antifeedant activity with preference indices (0.26 to 0.48) against 4th instar larvae of S. obliqua. Among the other treatments, Ox urine, Buffalo urine, Horse urine showed moderate antifeedant activity with slight antifeedant activity observed in Jersey and Holstein cow urine. Thus, this preliminary and novel study clearly demonstrate the strong to moderate antifeedant activity of animal urine based formulations along with growth inhibitory effects on different larval stages which opens a new avenue for animal urine formulations as viable options for eco-friendly management of the noxious pests, S. litura and S. obliqua in field crops.ennullThesis