Advisor: Deshmukh, Dr. M. M.Authors: LOKHANDE, JAYA NARENDRA2022-02-032022-02-032020-02-18Citation: Lokhande, JAYA NARENDRA. (2019). Response of wheat to surface and subsurface drip irrigation systems under different lateral and emitter spacings. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth. Ph. D. 2019. Print. xi 221p. (Unpublished).https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810181661Description: The present research work was carried out at Jain irrigation systems, Jalgaon Khandesh during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. In the research experimental design split split plot design along with Nineteen treatment combinations with three replications is used. Surface and subsurface drip Irrigation are the main treatment and 60, 80, 100, cm. lateral spacings are the sub treatment and 20, 30, 40 cm. emitter spacings are the sub sub treatments are used.Abstract: A field experiment was conducted in clay loam soil at Jain Irrigation Systems Ltd., Jalgaon during rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. Experiment was consist of eighteen treatments with three replications. The experiment comprised of three factors; (i) Irrigation methods – Surface (S1) and subsurface (S2) drip irrigation, (ii) Lateral spacings - 60 cm (L1), 80 cm (L2) and 100 cm (L3), and (iii) Emitter spacings - 20 cm (E1), 30 cm (E2) and 40 cm (E3). In subsurface drip irrigation lateral was placed at 20 cm depth in soil. 100 days wheat variety AKAW-4210-6. (PDKV Sardar) was sown at 20 cm crop spacing. The experiment was framed in Split-split plot design. Control was check basin irrigation method in which irrigation’s were given at six critical growth stages of wheat crop. Total water requirement of wheat was found to be 404.5 mm (40.45 ha-cm) under surface and subsurface drip irrigation method; whereas it was found 603.4 mm (60.34 ha-cm) in check basin method of irrigation; which results in 32.96 per cent saving of water through drip irrigation methods. Soil moisture content in 0-45 cm depth of soil gradually decreases with increase of both lateral spacings and emitter spacings. The soil moisture content in subsurface drip irrigation for different lateral and emitter spacings was found maximum between 15-30 cm soil depths; whereas in surface drip irrigation it was found maximum up to 20 cm soil depth only. The soil moisture content under L1 (60 cm) with all three emitter spacing was found more uniform in comparison with L2 (80 cm) and L3 (100 cm). The study indicated that maximum plant growth, flag leaf area, number of effective tillers per square metre, number of grains per earhead, test weight, grain yield and straw yield were recorded in L1 and E1. However growth and yield parameters were found to be statistically at par in surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods. The combination of L1E1 recorded desirable growth and yield parameters as compared other treatment combinations. Similarly surface and subsurface drip irrigation methods recorded higher growth and yield parameter as compared to check basin irrigation method. L1 recorded significantly highest yield of wheat compared to L2 and L3. E1 recorded significantly highest yield of wheat as compared to E2 and E3. As regards the water use efficiency (WUE) in wheat crop, treatment combination S1L1E1 recorded higher irrigation WUE (1.58). Whereas check basin irrigation method exhibited lower irrigation WUE (0.52). Economic analysis revealed that, maximum gross monetary returns (GMR) (114242 Rs ha-1) and net monetary returns (NMR) (72662 Rs ha-1) were observed in the treatment S1L1E1. While, minimum GMR (53120 Rs ha-1) and NMR (23813 Rs ha-1) were recorded in the control treatment T19 i.e. check basin irrigation method. The highest benefit cost ratio of 2.75 was recorded by the treatment combination S1L1E1 and lowest benefit cost ratio (1.71) was recorded by the treatment combination S2L3E3.EnglishAgrotags: Crops, Field crop, Triticum aestivum, Wheat, Agricultural Engineering, Irrigation, Irrigation equipment,Thesis