Senapati, Dr. S.C.SUBUDHI, CH. RAJENDRA2018-09-112018-09-112018http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810072702Land, water and vegetation are the most important natural resources on which the living beings rely, need proper planning in development, management and optimal utilization of these resources for sustainable production and economic enhancement of the rural people. Sustainability in production, improvement in the standard of living of the poor families and restoration of ecological balance, require different measures on agricultural land and common property resources, involve the measures on agricultural lands and the common property resources. Pentad rainfall analysis will help to determine the dry pentads. This will help the farmers of Kandhamal district to provide life saving irrigation to the crop by constructing water harvesting pond at the lower side of their land. The highest runoff was obtained in cultivated fallow i.e. 400.93 mm and lowest runoff is in pigeon pea + groundnut intercropping (T7) i.e. 309.25 mm. This is followed by pigeon pea + rice intercropping system (319.58 mm) which is 2.9 % lower than pigeon pea + rice strip cropping system (T4). About 7.4 % of rainfall as runoff was saved in case of pigeon pea + groundnut intercropping system (T7) over cultivated fallow (T9). Less soil loss to a tune of 8.03 t/ha is observed in groundnut + pigeon pea intercropping (T7). Field under rice + pigeon pea intercropping is the second lowest soil loss producer followed by pigeon pea + rice strip cropping. Highest quantity of soil loss (8.94 t/ha) was obtained from pigeon pea. Amongst sole crops, groundnut yielded less soil loss (9.42 t/ha) which is 3.2% and 5.52% less than sole crop of rice and pigeon pea respectively. When sole crop of ground nut, strip cropping of pigeon pea + groundnut and intercropping of pigeon pea + groundnut are taken in to consideration, less soil loss is obtained from pigeon pea + groundnut intercropping field followed by pigeon pea + groundnut strip cropping and sole crop of groundnut. The soil loss in the cases of pigeon pea + rice strip cropping (T4) and pigeon pea + groundnut (T5) showed at par. The highest soil loss amongst all the treatments is obtained from cultivable fallow land followed by uncultivated fallow. Pigeon pea + rice (T6) intercropping allow soil loss of 8.5 t/ha which is 9.41% less than the pigeon pea + rice strip cropping. Intercrop system of groundnut and pigeon pea (4:2) gave significantly higher rice equivalent yield than other intercrop and sole crops systems. Mean rice equivalent yield was 3.862 t/ha. Introduction of pigeon pea + groundnut (2:4) increased the yield by 158 %, 97% and 21% when compared with sole crop of rice, pigeon pea and groundnut respectively. The mean yield in last three years shows that the yield of vegetables (Cauliflower equivalent) in lined pond is highest (4.84 t/ha), which is 19.21 % more than the unlined pond (4.06 t/ha) due to more number of irrigation is given to lined pond (4.84t/ha) and 41.1 % higher than no pond system (3.43 t/ha) as no irrigation was given in no pond system. The mean rabi radish yield in lined pond was 23.77 t/ha. The mean yield of radish crop was obtained 23.77 t/ha from lined pond only during rabi, by using water from the water harvesting tank. The other two systems (unlined and no pond system) crop could not be grown due to want of irrigation water. The water loss in unlined pond was highest (28,600, lit/day or 831 lit/day/m2) where as lowest is found in lined pond (235.8 lit/day or 17.06 lit/ day/ m2). The cost of lined pond was Rs 9.967=00 and that of unlined pond was Rs 2,993=00. The water use efficiency was highest in lined pond (8.6 kg/ha/mm).The cost of lining per square meter was Rs 88.50. It is observed that tomato yield was better than the cauliflower yield. The rich farmers can go for water harvesting pond based technology as higher cost benefit ratio (2.25) is obtained in lined pond compared to 2.12 in unlined pond and 1.97 in no pond treatment plots. The payback period for both lined pond (soil cement plaster 6:1 of 8 cm thickness) and unlined pond were estimated as 2 years.ennullThesis