Tiwari, R.P.AHMED, ABRAR2016-07-052016-07-052014http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/68495The present research experiment was designed to assess the biostimulatory effect of bull urine (BU) exposure, administration of progesterone impregnated intravaginal device (PRID) in combination with PGF2α and GnRH and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in combination with PGF2α and GnRH on induction of estrus, resumption of ovarian activity, hormonal changes and mineral profile in pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers. Thirty two anestrus Sahiwal heifers more than 35 months of age were selected based on their physical status and were randomly divided in to 4 groups viz., Gr.I n=8 (BU), Gr.II n=8 (PRID), Gr.III n=8 (GnRH) and Gr. IV n=8 (Control). The anestrus Sahiwal heifers of (Gr.I, n=8) were assigned to receive the bull urine 3ml/animal daily as a treatment substance in the oro-nasal part of heifers maximum for 30 days. The anestrus Sahiwal heifers of (Gr.II, n=8) were assigned for implantation of PRID in the vagina and left in place for 7 days. Seven days later PRID was removed and PGF2α analogue i.e. Cloprostenol 0.5 mg was administered intramuscularly. Forty-eight hours after PG injection the Fixed Time Artificial Insemination (FTAI) was done, along with another dose of GnRH 10μg intramuscularly. The anestrus Sahiwal heifers of (Gr.III, n=8) were given GnRH 10μg intramuscularly on day 0. Seven days later on day 7, PGF2α analogue i.e. Cloprostenol 0.5 mg was administered intramuscularly, Forty-eight hours after PG injection the FTAI was done, along with another dose of GnRH 10μg intramuscularly. The anestrus Sahiwal heifers of (Gr.IV, n=8) were kept as control and no treatment was given. The results indicate that significantly lesser (p<0.01) proportion of anestrus Sahiwal heifers were induced to estrus following BU- treatment (25%) in Gr.I as compared to PRID treated heifers (100%) in Gr.II and GnRH treated heifers (87.50%) in Gr.III, respectively. However, no heifer in control group induced estrus during the experiment period. The time interval taken to onset of estrus after PG administration in Gr.II (PRID) and Gr.III (GnRH) did not differ between these two groups. The time interval taken for onset of estrus was found to be shorter in PRID + PG (8.00±1.51 days) and GnRH + PG (8.00±1.25 days) respectively, treated heifers as compared to BU exposed heifers 23.00±2.41 (days) and differed significantly (p<0.01). Follicles in the ovaries of Gr.I BU treated and Gr.IV control in pubertal anestrus Sahiwal heifers indicated no any definite pattern of growth, while there was definite pattern of growth adopted by follicles in Gr.II and Gr.III treated with PRID and GnRH respectively. The mean total number of visible follicles on day 0 in BU exposed heifers (Gr.I), PRID treated heifers (Gr.II), GnRH treated heifers (Gr.III) and control heifers (Gr.IV) were 25, 23, 24 and 21 respectively. There were non significant difference in the mean total number of follicle on day 0 in any of the groups. However, there were significant difference (p<0.05) on day 7 in the mean number of total follicle in PRID (Gr.II), and GnRH (Gr.III) treated heifers 11 and 9 as compared to BU- exposed (Gr.I) and control (Gr.IV) 23 and 26 respectively. Mean number of follicles based on the size of follicles <5 (small), 5-7 (medium), >8 (large) for Gr.I on day 0 were 19, 6 and 0. Similar pattern was observed on day 0 for Gr.II, Gr.III and Gr. IV respectively and did not differ significantly. Similarly mean number of follicles based on the size of follicles <5 (small), 5-7 (medium), >8 (large) on day 3 for Gr.I were 16, 8 and 0, Gr.II 14, 3, 0, Gr.III 13, 5, 0 and Gr.IV were 16, 8, 0 respectively. Similarly mean number of follicles based on the size of follicles <5 (small), 5-7 (medium), >8 (large) on day 7 for Gr.I were 16, 7 and 0, Gr.II 5, 4, 0, Gr.III 4, 3, 0 and Gr.IV were 18, 8, 0 respectively, which shows significant decrease in the no. of small follicles from day 3, (14) to day 7, (5) in PRID treated group (Gr.II) and from day 3 (13) to day 7 (4) in GnRH treated group (Gr.III). However there was increase in the no. of large follicle in Gr. II and Gr.III from day 0 (0) to day 7 (2) in both groups treated with PRID and GnRH respectively, and differs significantly (p<0.05). However there was no single large follicle more than >8 mm diameter in Gr.I; BU exposed and control Gr.IV, from day 0 onwards to day 30. Low progesterone (<1 ng/ml) and estrogen (<4pg/ml) were estimated in BU treated (Gr.I) and control group (Gr.IV) respectively from day 0 onwards to day 30. However there were significant (p <0.01) increase in the level of progesterone in PRID (Gr.II) and GnRH (Gr.III) treated animals from day 0 (0.56±0.46 and 0.48±0.30) to day 7 (5.21±0.32 and 4.90±0.51), respectively. Similarly, there was significant (p <0.05) increase in the level of estrogen in PRID (Gr.II) and GnRH (Gr.III) treated animals from day 0 (3.90±0.17 and 3.61±0.22) to day 9 (9.39±0.15 and 10.36±0.66) i.e. on the day of estrus, respectively. On day 0, the mean level of serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, cobalt, iron and zinc were similar in all groups i.e. Gr.I, Gr.II, Gr.III and Gr.IV and did not differ significantly. However, there was significant increase (p<0.05) in the level of calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc levels after treatment in Gr.I, Gr.II and Gr.III, treated with BU, PRID and GnRH respectively. However, there was non significant difference in untreated control group Gr.IV pre and post treatment. The conception rate in BU exposed animals in Gr.I were higher (100%; than PRID treatment in Gr.II (50%) and GnRH treatment in Gr.III (50%), respectively.enThesis