CHANDRA PRASAD .B (MAJOR)SUNNY PRAVEEN .KKAMALAKAR .GSRINIVASA PRASAD .CHVENKATA SAI BHAVYA CHARITHA .B2024-07-062024-07-062023-07https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810211527The present study was conducted in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, which were presented to the obstetrical unit, Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, Andhra Pradesh during the study period from January 2022 to December 2022. Detailed obstetrical examination were performed in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes (n=21) and various forms of fetal dystocia were recorded. Fetal dystocia was recorded in 6 primiparous (28.57%) and 15 pluriparous (71.43%) buffaloes. The condition was observed for 6 hours in 19.05 per cent, 12-24 hours in 66.67 per cent and >36 hours in 14.28 per cent of the buffaloes, respectively before they were presented for treatment. 90.48 per cent of fetuses were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation and 9.52 per cent of the fetuses were delivered in posterior longitudinal presentation. The fetal cause of dystocia included limb flexion (42.86%), head deviation (33.33%), fetal emphysema (14.29%), fetal monsters (4.76%) and fetal ascites (4.76%). Male and female calves were born at 66.67 and 33.33 per cent, respectively among them, 23.81 and 76.19 per cent were live and dead, respectively. Out of 21 fetal dystocia affected buffaloes, six buffaloes of distinct parities were utilized in the study and compared with six eutocia buffaloes which were reared in and around Gannavaram. Further, variations in haemato-biochemical parameters and gene expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines and heat shock proteins were analyzed and compared between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia. Significantly (P<0.05) lower levels of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) were observed in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia, while leukocytosis with neutrophilia, monocytosis, lymphopenia and eosinopenia were recorded in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes when compared with normally calved buffaloes. Non-significant variations were recorded in serum total plasma protein and blood urea nitrogen concentrations in between the buffaloes with fetal dystocia and eutocia. Significantly (P<0.05) higher albumin and globulin concentration were observed in buffaloes afflicted with fetal dystocia than eutocia. Significantly (P<0.01) higher creatinine and albumin: globulin ratio was observed in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes than normally calved buffaloes. Further results indicated that the mRNA expression of certain inflammatory mediators such as TNFα (pro-inflammatory cytokine), IL10 (anti-inflammatory cytokine), HSP70 and HSP90 were all significantly (P<0.05) up-regulated in fetal dystocia affected buffaloes compared to control animals.EnglishThesis