Verma, A.K.Negi, Manendra Singh2018-08-162018-08-162017-07http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810065325Renewable energy sources such as biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) are sustainable and eco-friendly. A variety of non-edible oil plant species from agro-climatic zones of India is promising feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present investigation, biodiesel was produced by chemical catalyzed or lipase-mediated esterification/ transesterification reactions. Biodiesel produced by perchloric acid (HClO4) immobilized on silica gel (SiO2) and lipase immobilized on the iron nanoparticle. Three tree-seed-oil such as Cheura (Diploknema butyracea), Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Karanj (Pongammia pinnata) and one refined Sunflower oil (Helianthus annus) was transesterified with alcohol and the product was analyzed by GC-MS. Further bio-oil obtained from sugarcane residues were also esterified with propanol and analyzed by GC-MS. A comparative study of kinetic parameters of HClO4SiO2 and immobilized lipase for esterification/transesterification was carried with alkalicatalyzed transesterification. HClO4-SiO2 was efficient and reusable esterifying dodecanoic acid with propanol at optimum parameters molar ratio 1:6, temperature 90˚C, catalyst amount 0.25mol% and produce greater than 92% yield of ester in 2 hours. However, HClO4-SiO2 could not transesterify tree-seed-oils. Alkali catalyst was found fast and an efficient transesterification in tree–seed-oils with a high yield of 90-99.71% FAME in 3 hours at 70 ˚C. Immobilized lipase showed a decrease in enzyme efficiency (Kcat/Km 0.341 mM-1s-1) but increase in thermostability from 37 ˚C to 40 ˚C with 5 times reusability. Immobilized lipase was found effective in the transesterification of tree-seed-oils and gave 75-85% FAME yield, with different oils in 24 hours. Lesser yield and longer reaction time observed in lipase-catalyzed transesterification but it was compensating the high energy cost of alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Highest biodiesel yield 99.71% achieved by alkali-catalyzed transesterification of Cheura oil.ennullThesis