SUNITA AW ATE2019-07-052019-07-052006http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810112284India has a population of 185 lakhs cattle bull out of which 95 lakhs are in Karnataka (Anonymous, 2003). Among these 79 lakhs are indigenous, 16 lakhs are cross breed and 2 thousand are exotic. The male to female ratio in Karnataka is 1:1.5. In cattle breeding, semen production is a matter of utmost importance since value of the bull is more than half of the herd.Thesis