Suresh, K (MAJOR)Lakshmi Rani, NDevi Prasad, VFHANI SANKARA SREEKANTH, KATRAGADDA2021-07-312021-07-312021-05https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810171238THESESThe present study was undertaken to study the occurrence of diseases during transition period in buffaloes, to study the association between hypocalcemia and other transitional diseases and to suggest therapeutic protocol for hypocalcemia in buffaloes. Upon screening of 273 buffaloes presented with various ailments during transition, 91 buffaloes were affected with transitional diseases (33.33 %) of which 81.32 per cent were affected with single disease and 18.68 per cent were affected with multiple diseases. In the present study among the transitional diseases, hypocalcemia was most commonly encountered disease followed by uterine torsion, mastitis, retention of placenta, dystocia, uterine prolapse, metritis, ketosis, vaginal prolapse udder edema and abortions. Majority of the conditions were highly prevalent during 1st week of postpartum period and in third parity. Haematological examination revealed decreased values of hemoglobin and PCV in hypocalcemia, dystocia, ketosis and abortions while leucocytosis was seen in uterine torsion, mastitis, metritis and udder edema. DLC revealed neutrophilia in dystocia, ketosis, udder edema and abortions while lymphocytosis was seen in mastitis and retention of placenta. Biochemical examination revealed highly significant decrease in mean calcium levels in hypocalcemia, uterine torsion, mastitis, retention of placenta, dystocia, uterine prolapse, vaginal prolapse and udder oedema while in abortions it was significantly higher. The serum phosphorus values were significantly decreased in hypocalcemia, dystocia, and uterine prolapse. The mean serum magnesium values were significantly elevated in hypocalcemia. Highly significant reduction in mean glucose accompanied by highly significant elevation in BHBA values was recorded in ketosis. The mean serum protein values were significantly decreased in uterine torsion, metritis, vaginal prolapse, udder edema and abortions. Significant reduction in albumin value was noted in hypocalcemia, uterine torsion, retention of placenta, metritis, vaginal prolapse and abortions. Symptoms recorded in hypocalcemia include inappetence/ anorexia, decreased rumination, dullness, decreased milk yield, disinclination to move, bloat, dry muzzle, sternal recumbency with head turned toward flank, constipation, stiffness of hind legs and lateral recumbency. In buffaloes affected with hypocalcemia in 53.33 per cent it was seen alone without any association while in 46.67 per cent it was associated with other disease/ diseases. Hypocalcemia was seen in association with dystocia, mastitis, uterine prolapse, retention of placenta, vaginal prolapse, metritis and ketosis. Therapeutic trial was conducted in 16 buffaloes affected with hypocalcemia alone by making them into two groups with 8 buffaloes in each group using two therapeutic regimens viz., ionic calcium alone orally in standing animals and I/V calcium boro gluconate on the day of presentation followed by ionic calcium orally for the next two consecutive days in animals exhibiting sternal recumbency. In both the groups responded to therapy with the regression of clinical signs and improvement in haemato bio chemical parameters.EnglishThesis