RAO, V.H(Major)SIVA KUMAR, A.V.N.RAVI, ABRAHMAIAH, K.V.RAMBABU NAIK, B2016-12-302016-12-302011-09http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/93756THESESABSTRACT : The present study was conducted at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor district to establish base line physiological, hematological and biochemical values in Punganur cattle of different age groups (bulls, cows, young bulls, heifers, male and female calves) during different seasons (monsoon, winter and summer) and also for hormones like estrogen and progesterone levels during estrous cycle in Punganur cows. The mean rectal temperature (oF), respiration, pulse and heart rate (per min.) were 99.93 to 100.92, 21.16 to 27.98, 59.79 to 63.56 and 62.94 to 67.95, respectively, that were significantly higher (P<0.01) in young animals than in adult cows and bulls and also during summer than during monsoon and winter seasons. The mean RBC count (7.50 to 8.68 millions/cmm) and the mean WBC count (8.69 to 11.27 thousands/cmm) differed significantly (P<0.01) among the age groups and were higher during summer than either during monsoon or winter season. The Hb content (10.51 to 11.39 g/dl) was not significantly different among the age groups but was significantly higher (P<0.01) during summer (12.11 g/dl) than during either monsoon (11.02 g/dl) or winter (10.33 g/dl) seasons. The mean PCV (%) in Punganur cattle of different age groups (35.09 to 39.87%) and also during monsoon (36.53%), winter (35.50%) and summer (37.45%) seasons were not significantly different. The mean ESR (mm/hr) in Punganur cattle of different age groups (3.13 to 3.46) was not significantly different, but was significantly (P<0.01) higher during summer (3.42 mm/hr) than during winter (3.11 mm/hr). The DLC count (%) among different age groups of Punganur cattle was significantly different (P<0.01) for neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocyte except for monocytes. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were significantly higher (P<0.01) during summer, eosinophils during monsoon, and basophils during monsoon and winter while monocytes count was significantly higher (P<0.01) during winter than during other seasons. `The mean values (%) for the different leucocyte count were in the range of 25.57 to 28.24 (neutrophils), 4.28 to 6.03 (eosinophils), 0.18 to 0.58 (basophils), 6.45 to 6.98 (monocytes), 59.49 to 62.00 (lymphocytes) for Punganur cattle of different age groups. The mean calcium level (mg/dl) of bulls was significantly higher (P<0.01) than other age groups with the values ranging from 6.95 to 9.83 and was also significantly higher (P<0.01) either during monsoon or summer than during winter. The mean phosphorus level (mg/dl) in Punganur cattle was not significantly different among the age groups or during different seasons with the value ranging from 2.96 to 3.43 for different age groups. The estrogen level (ng/ml) in Punganur cows during estrous cycle was significantly higher (P<0.01) on ‘0’ day (20.24) and decreased upto 15th days (12.36) and thereafter gradually increased to a level of 22.58 on day ‘00’. The mean progesterone level (ng/ml) in Punganur cows during estrous cycle increased significantly (P<0.01) upto 15th day of estrus cycle and gradually decreased thereafter with the values ranging from 0.43 (‘0’ day) to 10.66 (15th day) and from 8.64 (18th day) to 0.34 (day 00).enPUNGANUR CATTLE; PHYSIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATIONThesis