Singh, Ajay PratapNidhi2024-08-022024-08-022024-07-25Self, Advisor, books, reports praticals etc./U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810212729Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a significant problem in India, affecting both cattle and buffalo populations and leading to economic losses and public health risks. Current diagnostic methods like the single intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test (SICCT) have limitations, contributing to underreporting and inadequate surveillance. This study examines the potential of molecular biomarkers to improve bTB diagnosis accuracy and reliability, with the goal of enhancing disease control efforts. Farm animals were screened by SICCT test and based on test results animals were grouped into four group’s namely Group I SICCT TB/JD (animals were positive for both JD and bTB), Group II-SICCT JD (animals were positive for JD only), Group III-SICCT Negative Exposed (animals were not positive for JD or bTB, but they were in close contact with animals that tested positive for JD and bTB), and Group IV-SICCT Negative Unexposed (animals tested negative for both bTB and JD, and they had no direct interaction). All the animals grouped were tested with ancillary TB testing viz. demonstration of AFB in nasal and faecal sample, detection of MTb complex DNA in Nasal, Faecal and Plasma samples by semi-nested qPCR. Plasma samples were collected for enzyme immunoassay for interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), IP-10 and Vitamin-D Binding Protein levels. Additionally, a lateral flow assay was conducted to detect MTb specific antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. RT-qPCR was performed to quantify gene expression levels associated with bTB and JD. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the fold change in gene expression relative to control groups.The research explores biomarkers like IFN Gamma and IP-10, showing promising results in distinguishing TB-infected animals from those with Johne's disease or exposure to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The study observes elevated plasma levels of IFN-Gamma and IP-10 in TB-infected animals, reflecting heightened immune responses and ongoing immune-mediated processes against Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Conversely, lower levels of Vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP) suggest dysregulation or suppression of immune responses associated with TB and Johne's disease infections. These findings highlight the potential of biomarkers to improve bTB diagnosis, offering non-invasive or minimally invasive methods such as blood or milk tests. The present study suggests that IP-10 holds promise as a potential biomarker for diagnosing bovine TB. However, further research involving larger populations of TB-infected animals is necessary to determine its limit of detection accurately. This would provide a more comprehensive understanding of IP-10's diagnostic utility and help establish its reliability in practical TB diagnosis protocols.EnglishThesis