Choudhary, M.K.Barman, R.S.D.2017-02-282017-02-282016-08http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810002880The present study was conducted at ILFC (Instructional livestock farm complex), Bihar veterinary college, Patna. Buffalo calves were utilized for experiment. Twenty four Buffalo calf were taken after colostrum feeding (6calf in each group) with the objective of Studies on the effect of different shade materials on the performance of buffalo calves. The whole year was divided in to three seasons according to the ambient temperature and relative humidity: viz winter, summer and rainy. There are four type of roofing material was used like Asbestos roof (T1), Pre painted CGI Sheet roof (T2), Thatch with polythene shading roof (T3), Galvanized iron sheet roof (T4)- four inch thick layer of paddy straw fixed to bamboo frame. The following parameter was studied. Temperature, Relative humidity (RH), Temperature Humidity Index (THI), Surface temperature (ST) of roof, , Body measurement (body height, body length, heart girth and pouch girth), Physiological Variables (rectal temp and respiratory rate) Haematological, biochemical and serum enzymatic estimation and some behaviour like, feeding, watering, rumination, near water tub, resting, standing, sleeping, resting , moving , grooming, licking, cross licking) were studied. In winter management different finding were obtained as fallow: Maximum and minimum temperature both were comparatively higher in T3 (20.62±0.290C & 11.50±0.560C) group as compared to other groups. The RH at 9:00AM and 2:00PM was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 (72.02 ± 1.70 & 79.24 ± 0.70) in all other groups. The minimum THI (P<0.05) was in T3 (68.77±0.79) and maximum (P<0.05) was in T4 (71.29±0.60) followed by T2 (71.25±0.70) and T1 (69.88±0.77). Dry matter as concentrate (1.44±0.04) and dry fodder (0.99±0.09) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 as compare other group. Whereas water intake (63.52±1.62 L/day) was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 as compared to other shade materials. ADG were found to be maximum in T3 group (0.34±0.03 kg) followed by T1 (0.21±0.02 kg) as compared to T2 ( 0.18±0.02 kg) and T4 (0.13±0.01 kg). The body measurement viz. changes of body height, body length and pouch girth were more in T3 as compare to other group whereas pouch girth similar in T1 and T3.The rectal temperature and respiration rates were non significant between group. The haemoglobin was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T4 (10.25±0.49 g/dl), followed by T1 (9.92±0.45 g/dl). Whereas non significant difference between T2 (9.33±0.43 g/dl) and T3 (9.33±0.43 g/dl). In summer management different finding were obtained as fallow: Maximum and minimum temperature both were lower in T3 (33.35±0.410C & 23.44±0.26oC) group as compared to other groups. The RH at 9:00AM and 2:00PM was significantly higher (P<0.05) in T4 (77.20 ± 1.38 & 67.27 ± 1.86) followed by T2 (76.54 ±1.65 & 65.96 ±1.18) and T1 (74.55 ± 1.98 & 61.57) least in T3 (63.88 ±1.45 & 50.77 ±2.11). The minimum THI (P<0.05) was in T3 (76.81±0.95) and maximum (P<0.05) was in T2 (79.40±0.86) followed by T4 (78.79±0.99) and T1 (77.57±0.96). Dry matter as concentrate (1.68±0.02) and dry fodder (1.46±0.01) were significantly higher (P<0.05) in T1 as compare other group. Whereas water intake (65.36±1.86 L/day) was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 as compared to other shade materials. ADG were found to be maximum in T3 group (0.28±0.02 kg) followed by T1 (0.18±0.01 kg) as compared to T2 ( 0.14±0.01 kg) and T4 (0.14±0.01 kg). The body measurement viz. changes of body height, body length, heart girth and pouch girth were more in T3 as compare to other group. The rise in rectal temperature and respiration rates was significantly lower (P<0.05) in T3 as compared to other group. In rainy management different finding were obtained as fallow Both at 9:00 AM and 2:00 PM T3 showed lowest temperature and differ significantly (P<0.05) with other groups. The RH was found to be maximum (P<0.05) in T3 followed by T1 and was less in T4 both at 9:00AM and 2:00PM. THI was found to be significantly more (P<0.05) in T4 followed by T2 and was least in T3. Significantly higher (P<0.05) dry matter intake (concentrate and dry fodder) in T1 and average daily gain in T3 as compared to other groups. The body measurement viz. changes of body height, body length, heart girth and pouch girth were more in T3 as compare to other group. Feed conversion efficiency (FCR) low in T3 as compare to others groups. The rise in rectal temperature and respiration rates was significantly lower in T3 as compared to other group. Haemoglobin of grouped calves T3 had significantly (P<0.05) more as compared to T1 and T2.ennullThesis