Mishra, S. K.Kuldeep Singh2017-08-182017-08-182005http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810028886The present investigation was undertaken to study the clinico-hematology and pathology of gastrointestinal tract disorders in buffalo calves. Buffalo calves suffering from diarrhoea at CIRB, CCS HAU, Hisar and village Arya Nagar, Hisar were examined. The clinical examination revealed a significant increase in respiration and pulse rate in diarrhoeic buffalo calves. Hematological examination showed a significant increase in hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total erythrocyte count and total leucocyte count. Differential leucocyte count showed significant neutrophilia accompanied by lymphocytopenia, whereas absolute leucocyte count revealed a significant neutrophilia. Serum biochemical examination revealed a significant increase in total serum protein and albumin and a decrease in total globulin concentration. A significant hypoglycemia, hyponatraemia and hyperkalemia were the prominent features in diarrhoeic buffalo calves. Examination of faecal samples revealed ascariasis and coccidiosis in buffalo calves. Bacteriologically, E. coli Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were isolated from faeces of diarrhoeic buffalo calves. Among serotypes of E. coli, O9, O101, 0172, O128, O42, O44, O86, O117 and O153 were isolated. Salmonella typhimurium 4, 5:i:1, 2 and S. bareilly 6, 7:y:1,2 were the serotypes of Salmonella spp. isolated from faeces of diarrhoeic calves. On pathological study, 43 buffalo calves revealed changes in gastrointestinal tract during postmortem examination. The gross lesions in oesophagus, intestine and abomasum were petechial and diffuse haemorrhages and congestion along with ulcer in abomasum. Liver evidenced petechial haemorrhages and congestion, yellow and pale discolouration with necrotic foci. Pancreas and mesenteric lymph nodes showed congestion along with enlargement. Gross lesions in other visceral organs along with gastrointestinal tract revealed congestion, consolidation and abscess formation in lungs and haemorrhages and congestion in other organs. Histopathologically, oesophagus showed erosions and ulceration in mucosal epithelium and squamous metaplasia of glandular tissue in some cases, infiltration of lymphocytes was there. Lesions in intestine and abomasum were desquamation of epithelium, ulcer formation due to complete denudation of epithelium, lymphoid depletion in Peyer’s patches, oedema and infiltration of mononuclear cells. Liver exhibited degenerative changes viz. fatty changes, hydropic degeneration and centrilobular necrosis along with infiltration of neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrohages. Micro-granuloma formation and bile duct hyperplasia were also seen. Mesenteric lymph nodes were reactive and exhibited depletion of lymphoid tissue and reticular cell proliferation. Pancreas showed degenerative changes in acini, congestion and haemorrhages. Spleen also showed depletion of lymphoid cells in white pulp and reticular cell hyperplasia. Congestion and hemosiderosis were the prominent feature. Lungs exhibited serofibrinous pneumonia, micro-granuloma, thickened pleura due to serofibrinous exudate and leucocytes, desquamation of bronchial epithelium, emphysema and atelectasis of alveoli. Heart showed hyaline degeneration, sacrocysts and focal necrosis of muscle fiber. Kidneys showed congestion and mild degenerative changes. Bacteriological study of different organs from carcases of buffalo calves revealed isolation of E. coli followed by Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp. Salmonella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. E. coli strains belonged to 21 serotypes. Others were rough and untypable. E. coli ‘O25’ was most prevalent followed by ‘O9’. Serotype. Salmonella typhimurium 4, 5:i:1,2 was most prevalent salmonella spp. serotype followed by S. newport 6,8:e,h:1,2 and Salmonella muenchen 6, 8:d:1,2. Antibiogram pattern of different bacterial organisms revealed a varying degree of sensitivity to different chemotherapeutic drugs. Neoascaris vitulorum and Eimeria spp. were isolated from intestinal lumen of dead calves. Two cases revealed enteritis of obscure etiology. Mortality in buffalo calves for period of six year (1999-2004) based on postmortem records revealed affection of gastrointestinal tract (enteritis, gastroenteritis and hepatitis) as leading cause of death followed by diseases of respiratory system. Mortality was highest in buffalo calves less than one month of age. Mortality in male calves was slightly higher than females and it was maximum in winter season followed by rainy and summer seasons.enThesis