Dr. Raju KushwahaDevidas, Naitam Shubham2024-05-072024-05-072024-01-12Self, Advisor,book, report pratical etc.U.P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura Uttar Pradesh India-281001https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810208790This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding urea and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) treated paddy straw on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, haematology, blood biochemical, plasma minerals, enzymatic activity, and animal behaviour in Sahiwal heifers. In first phase, in vitro degradability of nutrients as an effect of supplementation of urea and EFE at various levels was tested and optimum results were obtained at 4% and 8 g/kg dry matter (DM) mixed with total mixed ration (TMR) based paddy straw. The result showed better in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), total gas production, microbial biomass production and partition factor in comparison to control. In second phase, a total of 24 Sahiwal heifers were selected and allocated into four groups having six heifers in each group and fed treatment diet for 120 days. The control group was fed on basal diet without any supplementations whereas, group-1 was supplemented basal diet with 4% urea treated paddy straw, group-2 was supplemented basal diet with 8 g/kg DM EFE and group-3 was supplemented basal diet with 4% urea and 8 g/kg DM EFE treated paddy straw. The nutrient requirements of Sahiwal heifers were met by feeding concentrate mixture, jowar green fodder and paddy straw (50:30:20 ratio) on DM basis as per NRC (2001) guidelines. Experimental animals were monitored daily for dry matter intake (DMI) and fortnightly body weight change. At the end of the study, a digestion trial of 6 days was conducted to study the effect of urea and EFE treated paddy straw on nutrients utilization. Blood samples were collected on the days 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days post supplementation and analyzed for haematological attributes, biomarkers of energy, lipid and protein metabolism, biomarkers of liver function, endocrine biomarkers of growth and plasma mineral levels. At the end of trial rumen enzyme activity and animal behaviour were also noted. Feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and body weight gain was found significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment group but there was no difference in DMI. There was no significant effect (P<0.05) of treatment on hematological parameters. Treatment groups showed significantly higher (P<0.05) plasma total protein, plasma albumin, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), whereas, no significant effect (P>0.05) was found on plasma glucose, triacylglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, plasma globulin, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin levels. Triiodothyronine (T3) and Insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) concentration were found significantly higher (P<0.05) in treatment group whereas Thyroxine (T4) show non-singnificant difference between treatment and control group. There was no difference in plasma minerals concentration and animal behaviour parameters but rumen enzymes activity is significantly higher in combination group than that of control and other treatment groups. Finally it may be concluded that urea and EFE @ 4% and 8 g/kg DM, respectively improved weight gain and digestibility of nutrients without affecting blood haematology, biochemical parameters, mineral profile and animal behaviour adversely. Thus, urea and EFE treated paddy straw may be included in ration of ruminant’s upto 20% of DM.EnglishThesis