Ghodasara, D. J.FEFAR, DHAVAL T.2018-05-252018-05-252010http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810047554The present study entitled "Incidence, Pathology and Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in captive small wild ungulates of Gujarat State" was conducted to provide information about the prevalence and diagnosis of tuberculosis in small wild captive ungulates by using PCR technique at the Department of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Animal Biotechnology, Veterinary College, Anand. Personal visits to different parks and zoos of Gujarat ( Indroda park , Gandhinagar, Rajkot Municipal Corporation zoo, Surat Municipal Corporation Zoo, Baroda Municipal Corporation Zoo and Sakkaurbaugh zoo, Junagadh) were made for post mortem examination and collection of samples were made. A total of 43 necropsies of small wild captive ungulates were carried out during the period of study and were evaluated for the gross and histopathological lesions of tuberculosis. The overall incidence of tuberculosis was 16.27% in small wild captive ungulates of different parks and zoos in Gujarat. Species wise incidence of tuberculosis was found to be 22.22%.(4/18), 20% (2/10) and 20% (1/5) in spotted deer, sambar and black buck, respectively. The gross pathology in three out of four necropsies of the spotted deer revealed typical tubercle lesions in respiratory system with main involvement of lung, whereas in one necropsy lesions were found in the lung, liver and spleen. The necropsies of both sambar and black buck showed the involvement of only the respiratory system. The histopathological studies of lung showed typical tubercle lesions which were composed of central areas of caesous necrosis surrounded by numerous epithelioid and vacuolated macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells with peripheral fibrous capsule. Ziehl-Nielsen staining of granulomas revealed low to moderate numbers of acid fast bacilli in tubercle lesions. Similar lesions were also found in the liver and spleen. The ante mortem diagnosis of tuberculosis was carried out by isolation of mycobacterium' in LJ medium from the nasal swab and direct detection of mycobacterium was done from blood using PCR technique. Only one isolate of mycobacterium out of seven nasal swabs of spotted deer was obtained, whereas in the sambar only one isolate could be cultured out of the five nasal swabs. The molecular identification of isolates was carried out by using p34 gene and hupB gene. Both isolates showed amplification of 363 bp of p34 gene for the M. tuberculosis complex and approximately of 309 bp oihupB gene for M. bovis. The direct detection of mycobacterium from blood was done by extraction of DNA and species specific identification was carried out by using p34 gene and hupB gene for M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, respectively. The three out of twenty blood samples were directly detected for mycobacterium and all the positive samples showed amplification of p34 gene for M. tuberculosis complex and hupB gene for M. bovis. For detection of mycobacterium in a short time of one week from the formalin fixed tissue, the PCR technique was applied. During the period of March, 2009 to April, 2010, in six out of ten tissues confirmed by histopathology, amplification was noted for p34 and hupB gene for M. tuberculosis complex and M. bovis, respectively. The findings of the present study indicated that M. bovis is the main cause of tuberculosis in small wild captive ungulates of Gujarat and diagnosis of tuberculosis can be done by advance molecular technique like PCR which serves as a post mortem as well as ante mortem diagnostic technique.enVETERINARY PATHOLOGYA STUDYThesis