SRINIVAS, M(MAJOR)SADASIVA RAO, KHARI KRISHNA, N.V.V.THANGAMANI, A2019-07-092019-07-092018-12http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810113427THESESDetailed obstetrical examination was performed in referral dystocia cases of Graded Murrah buffaloes (n=122) and the incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia was recorded and anlayzed. Out of the 122 dystocia affected buffaloes a total of 43 buffaloes of different parities were utilized in the study and were divided into three groups, (1) Maternal dystocia (comprising uterine torsion) (n=25), (2) Fetal dystocia (n=10) and (3) Eutocia (normal parturition) (n=8) as healthy controls. Further, haemato-biochemical and oxidative parameters were recorded and compared between groups and also at presentation (0 hrs) and after treatment (24 hrs). The incidence of maternal and fetal dystocia in the present study was 77.86% and 22.14%, respectively among the cases presented between September 2017 and August 2018. The incidence of uterine torsion more frequent cause of maternal dystocia. Uterine torsion occurred more frequently in pluriparous buffaloes at full term. Post cervical right sided uterine torsion was common with higher incidence for severe degree (>270->360°) of uterine torsion in buffaloes. The condition was observed since >24-36 hours in 53.40 percent of the buffaloes before they were presented for treatment. The most fetuses delivered were in anterior longitudinal presentation and male fetus outnumbered the female fetuses. Fetal dystocia also occurred more frequently in pluriparous buffaloes at term and higher per cent of fetuses were delivered in anterior longitudinal presentation with limb flexions and most them are delivered dead. Neutrophilia with lymphopenia was recorded in dystocia affected buffaloes when compared to eutocia group, while other parameters like haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), total erythrocyte count (TEC) and total leucocyte count (TLC) did not exhibit significant variations among the three groups of buffaloes. The mean serum glucose was slightly elevated in dystocia affected buffaloes compared to normal calved group. The dystocia affected buffaloes showed significantly lowered mean serum calcium and phosphorus levels compared to eutocia group. Non-significant variations were recorded in plasma total protein concentrations between the groups at different instances. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was markedly elevated in maternal dystocia group compared to fetal dystocia and eutocia group of buffaloes. Creatinine levels were significantly higher in fetal dystocia group compared to maternal dystocia and eutocia group of buffaloes at presentation while no significant difference was recorded at 24 hrs after treatment. Significantly higher Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were observed in dystocia affected buffaloes in comparison with eutocia group at 0 hrs and 24 hrs. Significant variation was observed in between the groups for malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity at both 0 hrs and 24 hrs. The plasma MDA concentration was elevated in dystocia affected, while decreased SOD and GSH antioxidant enzymes activity in dystocia affected buffaloes, when compared to normally calved buffaloes. It was concluded that estimation of calcium, BUN, creatinine and oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD and GSH) with haematological parameters like TLC, neutrophil and lymphocyte count could be used as an indicator for severity of the condition and prognosis of both maternal and fetal dystocia affected buffaloes. Thus, it was suggested that monitoring oxidative and antioxidant parameters are necessary as a matter of emergency care to attempt early treatment of dystocia and to overcome the oxidative damage, oxidative stress for prompt recovery.ennullThesis