Sharma, HemlataKUMARI, MANISHA2023-03-022023-03-022022Kumari M. and sharma H.https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810194666Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]The present investigation was undertaken to estimate “Heterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]”. Total 57 genotypes including 45 crosses along with 10 parents and 2 checks viz., Sonalika and HD 2967 were evaluated during Rabi 2020-21 in randomized block design with three replications at three locations. Observations were recorded for fifteen traits viz., dаyѕ to 50% flowerіոg, dаyѕ to 75% mаturіty, plаոt հeіgհt, number of effective tillers per plant, spike length, number of spikelets per plant, length of awns, ոumber of grаіոѕ per ѕpіke, flаg leаf аreа, 1000-grаіո weіgհt, bіologісаl yіeld per plаոt, grаіո yіeld per plаոt, հаrveѕt іոdex, totаl proteіո сoոteոt іո grаіո and totаl сհloropհyll сoոteոt in E1, E2 and E3 environments. The analysis of variance indicated that the effects due to genotypes were significant for all the characters in all the three environments. The effects due to parents were significant in all the three environments except for length of awns in E1 and 1000-grain weight in E3. The effects due to crosses were significant for all the characters. The effects due to parents v/s crosses were also significant for all the traits in all the three environments except days to 75% maturity in E3, plant height in E1 and E3, number of grains per spike in E1 and E3, flag leaf area in E1, E2 and E3, 1000- grain weight in E1, E2 and E3, grain yield per plant in E1 and total protein content in grains in E1. Bartlett’s test revealed homogeneity for eleven traits viz., days to 50% flowering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per plant, length of awns, number of grains per spike, flag leaf area,1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and total protein content in grains. Therefore, the pooled analysis was carried out for these eleven characters only. Regarding the per se performance, among parents, three parents viz., HD 3086, Raj 3077 and HI 1544 showed higher grain yield per plant along with other yield contributing traits over the environments. Among the crosses, HD 3086 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 were found superior with respect to grain yield in different environments. Crosses viz., HD 3086 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x WR 544, Raj 4238 x Raj 3077, HD 3086 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 expressed positive significant SCA effects along with higher per se performance and significant economic heterosis for grain yield per plant. The parent HD 3086 exhibited its suitability under unfavorable environments for most of the traits, while MP 1203 exhibited its suitability under favorable environments for most of the characters. Among crosses, the cross combinations viz., HD 3086 x Raj 4079, MP 3288 x WR 544 and MP 3288 x DBW 187 exhibited their suitability to be grown under unfavorable environments while crosses HD 3086 x Raj 4037, HD 3086 x WR 544, MP 1203 x HI 1544 and Raj 4037 x WR 544 expressed suitability for most of the traits under favorable environmental conditions. Five crosses out of forty five, viz., HD 3086 x WR 544 (17.02 g), Raj 4238 x WR 544 (16.70 g), Raj 4238 x Raj 3077 (16.65 g), HD 3086 x Raj 4079 (16.33 g) and Raj 4238 x Raj 4079 (16.30 g) were most productive in respect to grain yield per plant, as these crosses were much high yielder than the general mean (12.69 g) as well as showed significance of heterosis over standard check (Sonalika). These crosses also expressed significant SCA effects and having combination of parents Good x Average and Good x Good general combining ability effects. Therefore, these crosses can be advanced to get transgressive segregants in further breeding programmes. Further, parents MP 3288, HI 1544, DBW 187 and WR 544 expressed maximum diversity on the basis of SSR analysis, could also be used for hybridization programme in future.EnglishHeterosis, Combining Ability, Stability Analysis and Molecular Profiling in Bread Wheat [Triticum aestivum (L.) em. Thell]Thesis