Sharma, SonikaBohra, Jyoti2022-02-152022-02-152021Bohra, Jyoti (2021). Formulation and nutritional evaluation of detoxifying drinks and their protective effect on hepatotoxicity (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810182272The present investigation was conducted to formulate and evaluate the nutritional composition of detoxifying drink variants and assess their hepatic and nephro-protective potential against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats. Standard drink (SD) was prepared by blending cucumber, mint, basil, ginger, cinnamon powder, and lemon juice and apple cider vinegar. From SD drink variants were prepared by adding 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of lemongrass powder (LG5, LG10 and LG15) and celery powder (CL5, CL10 and CL15) respectively. The detoxifying drink variants were analyzed for moisture content, mineral content, vitamins, bioactive compounds and total antioxidant activity. The addition of lemongrass and celery powder in SD increased all the nutritional parameters. The highest dry matter concentration (99.87 mg/10ml) was found in CL15. Moreover, the highest content of ascorbic acid (2.79mg), β-carotene (132.40µg), total phenols (136.48mg), total flavonoids (30.20mg) and DPPH scavenging capacity (56.81% inhibition) was found in CL15. In minerals, maximum iron (0.81mg), magnesium (61.01mg) and manganese (0.893mg) content was found in LG15 while highest amount of calcium (31.15mg), zinc (0.329mg), selenium (0.853µg), chromium (0.179mg) and sodium (88.44mg) was found in CL15. In sensory evaluation LG5 variant was found to be highly acceptable. For animal study, 56 rats were divided into eight groups with each containing seven rats. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce toxicity (0.5ml/kg/day i.p). CCl4 group drastically increased the liver function tests parameters AST, ALT, ALP and bilirubin and reduced the total protein and albumin level in blood plasma. CCl4 also increased the kidney function parameters like urea, uric acid and creatinine level as compared to normal control. The analysis of antioxidant status of animals showed that CCl4 significantly attenuated the antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD, GPx and CAT as well as decreased the reduced glutathione concentration and elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) level in both liver homogenate and erythrocyte lysate as compared to normal control group. The data reveals that pre-treatment of all detoxifying drink significantly corrected the liver and kidney function parameters which were otherwise hampered by CCl4 toxicity. Group VIII (receiving CL15+ CCl4) showed the maximum reversal of liver and kidney toxicity. The results of rats receiving CL15 were comparable to the results showed by rats receiving silymarin (standard liver drug). Thus, the study recommends that lemongrass and celery can strategically be used to formulate plant-based therapeutic drug for liver and kidney diseases.EnglishThesis