Pant, UshaChaturvedi, Sameer2019-05-142019-05-142018-08http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810102981The present investigation entitled was conducted with the objective to estimate selection and variability parameters, to estimate the combining ability variances and their effects and toestimation of level of heterosis for different quantitative traits. The present study was conducted at NEB, CRC during rabi season 2014-15 and 2015-16. The experimental materials for the present investigation consisted of 40 F1’s, 10 lines as female and 4 testers as males. Data were subjected to appropriate statistical methods. Awide range of usable variability was present in the experimental material with respect to various characters. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficients of variability (PCV) was observed greater than genotypic coefficient of variability (GCV) and environmental coefficient of variability (ECV) for all the characters under studied. High estimates of heritability were observed in most of trait. Highest heritability was observed in seed/siliqua (94.30%), followed by seed yield per plant (90.61%) and number of primary branches/plant (84.59%). The traits having high heritability with high genetic advance were observed in seed yield/plant (32.34%), seed/siliqua (29.12%) and number of primary branches/plant (21.70%). The ANOVA showed that mean sum of squares due to treatments were highly significant.Parents as well as crosses were highly variable for all the traits. However, variance due to parents vs crosses for all the characters barring length main raceme and 1000-seed weight. Partitioning of variances due to crosses into lines, testers and line × tester revealed that variances due to lines were significant for all the characters except number of primary branches per plant and oil content while variances due to testers were significant for siliqua length, seeds per siliqua and test weight. Variances due to interaction were significant for all the characters.Combining ability analysis illustrated that the estimate of 𝜎2 sca was higher than 𝜎2 gcafor all the traits studied. The average degree of dominance was also in the range of over dominance for all the traits except siliqua length. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 n) was low for all the traits which further substantiated the prevalence of non-additive gene action in the expression of traits.Based on estimates of desirable GCA effects, B-9 was identified as good general combiner for days to maturity. For Plant height and siliqua density, Jhumka was the best parent to contribute in desirable direction. NDYS116, NDYS-128, NDYS-2018 and NDYS-132 were the best parent for length of main raceme, siliquae on main raceme and siliqua length respectively. For number of seeds per siliqua and seed yield per plant YS-166 was emerged as best parent with desirable significant effect. Jhumka × NDYS-113 (-3.63*) for days to maturity, NDYS-115 × Pusa Gold (- 15.79**) for plant height, NDYS-107×PPS-1 (7.32**) for length of main raceme, B-9×Pusa Gold (6.10**) for silquae on main raceme, NDYS-107 × PPS-1 (1.84**) for primary branches plant, NRCYS-05-02 × Pusa Gold (0.44*) for siliqua length, NRCYS-05-02 × Pusa Gold (4.98**) for seeds per siliqua, NDYS-128 × PPS-1 (2.02**) for seed yield per plant, NDYS-107 × NRCYS-05-01 (0.42**) for test weight and YS-166 × NDYS-113 (2.12**) for oil content expressed highest SCA effects in desirable direction.The superior crosses identified based on their SCA effects for yield as well as oil content were having G × G, G × P, G×A, A×P or P × P GCA parents. These results indicate the operation of additive × additive, additive × dominance, dominance× dominance gene interactions for expression of these traits.The contribution of interaction was higher as compare to lines and testers for all the traits excluding days to maturity, length of main raceme, siliquae on main raceme, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua and 1000-seed weight.Regarding heterosis for days to maturity, NDYS-2018×NDYS-113 (12.21**) showed maximum better parent heterosis. Highest relative heterosis was noticed in NDYS-2018 × Pusa Gold (-11.62**) whereas, B-9 × PPS-1(- 8.65**) expressed maximum economic heterosis. NDYS-115 × Pusa Gold (-15.69**, -15.85**) possessed highest estimates of heterobeltiosis and mid parent heterosis while NDYS-2018×NRCYS-05-01 (-9.65**) was the best cross in respect of economic heterosis for plant height. For seed yield cross Jhumka × NDYS-113 (52.36**, 65.34**) showed maximum heterobeltiosis and relative heterosis while maximum economic heterosis was registered in NDYS-128 × PPS-1 (41.54**). In test weight maximum heterosis over better parent was found in NDYS-128 × NDYS-113 (24.47**) and highest estimates of relative and economic heterosis was possessed by NDYS-132 × NDYS-113 (25.18**, 22.29**) respectively. A single cross YS-166 × NDYS-113 (7.57**, 7.74**, 8.40**) showed maximum heterobeltiosis, relative heterosis and economic heterosis for oil content. From the present investigation involvement of non-additive genetic variance for most of the characters was reflected, so maintenance of heterozygosity or restoring it at the end of the breeding programme is suggested. Potential parents and crosses have been identified based on relevant multiple parameters. By utilizing these parents and cross combinations maximum gain can be achieved in yellow sarson by adopting most appropriate breeding strategies.ennullThesis