CHANDRASEKHAR, E.L(Major)RAGHAVENDER, K.B.PPROMOD KUMAR, DSRAVANTHI, P2018-10-052018-10-052007-05http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810074835THESESABSTRACT : The present clinical study was conducted on 10 dogs presented for treatment of canine urolithiasis. The mean age of the incidence was found to be 7 years. All the 10 dogs presented for treatment were male dogs. Out of 10 dogs, 6 dogs were Spitz breed (50%), 2 dogs were German shepherd (20%), one dog was Dachshund (10%) and Mongrel (10%). Out of 10 dogs presented, in 6 dogs urethral calculi were found, in 3 dogs cystic calculi were found and in one dog renal calculi were encountered. No cases of ureteral calculi were encountered. Radiography and ultrasonography were found to be effective diagnostic aids in confirmation of urolithiasis. Out of 9 dogs treated surgically, in 5 dogs cystotomy was performed after retrograde hydropropulsion, in 2 dogs scrotal urethrostomy was performed and in two dogs urethrotomy was performed. No surgical treatment was attempted in one dog with renal calculi. All the cases of urolithiasis recovered uneventfully after surgery with minimal post operative complications. In 2 dogs recurrence of calculi was observed after surgery. They were not treated since they were asymptomatic. It was concluded that surgery was an appropriate choice of treatment for preventing the clinical symptoms associated with calculi. Analysis of the calculi recovered by surgery revealed that 55.56 % were calcium oxalate calculi, 33.33% were magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi and 11.11% were calcium oxalate + ammonium urate calculi. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bar shaped crystals in calcium oxalate calculi,rock like crystals in magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi and spindle shaped crystals in calcium oxalate + ammonium urate calculi The following conclusions were drawn from the results of the present clinical study 1. The average age of incidence of Urolithiasis in dogs was found to be 7 years. 2. The condition was most common in Spitz breed of dogs. 3. The condition was found to be more common in male dogs. Although no case was encountered in female dogs in this study, from the available literature, it was found that it is less common in female dogs. 4. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were confirmative of the condition. 5. Analysis of the calculi revealed that calcium oxalate calculi were the predominant type in this area followed by magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi and combined calcium oxalate and ammonium urate calculi. 6. Scanning electron microscopy helped in identification of the crystal type and its deposition around the nuclei. There may be multiple nuclei in some cases.ennullThesis