CHANDRASEKHARA RAO, T.S (Major)JAGAPATHI RAMAYYA, PSURESH KUMAR, R.VSUPRIYA, BOTLAGUNTA2016-12-272016-12-272010-08http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/93174THESESABSTRACT : The gross anatomical study on the joints of 1-1½ year old buffalo calves was undertaken on 15 calves procured from areas in and around Tirupati. The artc. humeri was spheroidea structurally and ginglymus functionally and its capsula articularis was reinforced by collagenous and elastic fibres. The artc. cubiti was a composite joint consisting of artc. humeroradialis, artc. humeroulnaris and artc. radioulnaris proximalis. The artc. humeroradialis, and artc. humeroulnaris were hinge type of joints while, the artc. radioulnaris was an amphiarthrosis. The artc. carpi was a composite joint and consisted of artc. antebrachiocarpea, artc. mediocarpea, artc. intercarpea, artc. ossis carpi accessorii and artc. carpometacarpea. The artc. antebrachiocarpea consisted of artc. radiocarpea and artc. ulnocarpea. The artc. antebrachiocarpea and artc. mediocarpea were ginglymus type while, artc. intercarpea was plane (arthrodial) type and artc. carpometacarpea was amphiathrodial. The artc. intermetacarpea was an amphiarthrodial joint. The artcc. metacarpophalangeales were ginglymus type of joints. The artc. interphalangeae proximales manus and the artc. interphalangeae distales manus were saddle joints. The articulatio sacroiliaca was an amphiarthrodial joint. The fibrous bundles above and below the symphysis and lig. pubicum craniale were associated with sym. pelvina. The artc. coxae was a spheroidal joint and also showed lig. ischiofemorale. The artc.genus was a composite joint comprised of artc. femorotibialis and artc. femoropatellaris. The artc. femorotibialis was a hinge joint and showed Rao’s ligament. The artc. femoropatellaris was a sledge joint. Artc. tibiofibularis proximalis and distalis were amphiarthrodial joints. The artc. tarsi was a composite joint and it comprised of artc. tarsocruralis, artc. intertarsea proximalis, artc. intertarsea distalis and the artc. tarsometatarsea. The artc. tarsocruralis was a ginglymus joint while, artc. intertarsea proximalis, artc. intertarsea distalis and the artc. tarsometatarsea were amphiarthroses. The artc. intermetatarsea included the capsula articularis and ligg. metatarsea interossea. The artcc. metatarsophalangeae were ginglymus type while, artc. interphalangeae pedis proximalis and artc. interphalangeae pedis distalis were saddle joints. The superior sesamoidean ligament’s length and thickness were more in hind limb, while width was more in fore limb. The length of all divisions of superior sesamoidean ligament was higher in hind limb.enBUFFALO CALVES; LIMB JOINTS; ANATOMICAL STUDIESThesis