Srivastava, S. K.Arya, Akansha2024-11-212024-11-212023-09-01Academic Researchhttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810216529The thesis titled "GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM RICE CULTIVATION IN THE MAJOR RICE PRODUCING COUNTRIES: EXTENT AND ASSOCIATED TRADE-OFF" delves into an extensive exploration of the intricate relationship between rice production, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and international trade in the world's key rice-producing nations. The study not only elucidates the findings but also offers significant conclusions and policy implications derived from the research. In a world where food security is paramount for the burgeoning global population, rice stands out as a crucial staple crop. However, the dynamics of rice cultivation, trade, and their environmental impacts present complex challenges. This thesis seeks to unravel these intricacies, beginning with an examination of the pivotal role rice plays in the agricultural landscape and the wider economy. It underscores the multifaceted factors, including climate change, economic conditions, population growth, global trade, and evolving agricultural practices, that influence food patterns across the globe. Despite modern advancements in agriculture, the specter of food security looms large, encompassing not just food availability but also affordability and accessibility. The far-reaching consequences of food insecurity are stark, affecting individuals and societies in myriad ways, from malnutrition and cognitive development to social disparities, reduced productivity, mental health issues, educational difficulties, and environmental degradation. Central to this study is the revelation that agriculture, particularly rice cultivation, is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, with methane emissions during rice cultivation being a pressing concern. The global rise in population will inevitably lead to an increased demand for rice, which, if not managed judiciously, can exacerbate GHG emissions. As such, the thesis advocates for a dual focus—enhancing rice production to meet growing demand while minimizing the environmental footprint. It recognizes that technological advancements in rice cultivation are necessary to achieve this delicate balance. The research is carried out across ten major rice-producing countries: China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines, Pakistan, and Brazil. The study meticulously evaluates key parameters such as agricultural GDP, the share of rice value in agricultural GDP, rice production, productivity, trade, GHG emissions from rice cultivation, and net rice trade. The findings across these nations unveil intriguing trends and critical insights. For instance, some countries have witnessed fluctuations in the contribution of agriculture to GDP and the significance of rice within this sector. Others exhibit positive trends in rice production parameters, while trade dynamics—exports and imports—also show distinct patterns. Most significantly, the research delves into the GHG emissions associated with rice production, their proportions relative to overall agricultural and total emissions, and GHG emissions per unit of rice production. These findings hold profound implications for policy formulation and environmental stewardship. The thesis emphasizes the pressing need for addressing GHG emissions from rice cultivation in the global pursuit of net-zero emissions. It underscores the importance of setting emission reduction targets, considering the environmental trade-offs of rice trade, and harnessing technological innovations to reduce emissions while sustaining rice production. In essence, this research offers invaluable insights into the intricate interplay between rice production, trade, and greenhouse gas emissions, providing guidance for policymakers, international organizations, and stakeholders striving to navigate the complex nexus of food security and environmental sustainability on a global scale. The conclusions drawn from this study not only shed light on the extent of emissions but also illuminate the path towards a more sustainable future, where rice cultivation can coexist harmoniously with the imperative of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.EnglishThesis