RAMANA, J.V (Major)DEVASENA, BSUDHAKARA REDDY, PSUDHA RANI, K2016-12-232016-12-232009http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/92476THESESAbstract : A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of organic and inorganic mineral supplementation to groundnut haulms (GNH) based complete diets on mineral release and nutrient digestibility by in sacco and in vivo methods. A basal complete diet was prepared with GNH and concentrate mixure (8% maize, 10% soybean meal, 21.5% deoiled rice bran and 0.5% salt in 60: 40 ratio. The basal diet was treated as control (T1) and three more diets were prepared by supplementing basal diet with commercial mineral mixture (T2), inorganic mineral supplements (T3) and organic mineral supplements (T4). The commercial mineral mixture was added at the rate of 1.5% in T2 diet by adjusting the deoiled rice bran to 20%. The inorganic mineral supplements were added at the rate of 26.4g (8.3g ZnSO4, 4.0g CuSO4 and 14.0 g MnSO4) in the diet T3. The organic mineral supplements were added at the rate of 72g (12g Zinc Propionate, 10 g Copper Propionate and 50g Manganese Propionate) in the diet T4. The CP, CF, EE, TA, AIA and NFE contents of the basal diet were 15.8, 20.0, 1.4, 17.8, 9.7 and 45.0% respectively. The In sacco studies in rumen fistulated steers revealed that there was no significant difference between treatments with regard to effective degradable dry matter %, effective degradable crude protein % and effective degradable NDF %. The effective degradable crude protein % in T1, T2, T3 and T4 was 52.9, 53.9, 53.1 and 53.7 % respectively. The mineral supplementation did not affect the dry matter, NDF and crude protein digestibilities. The In sacco mineral release of Cu, Mn and Zn from experimental diets showed that the disappearance % was higher in commercial mixture supplemented diet followed by organic mineral supplemented diet, and then in-organic mineral supplemented diet. The In sacco copper, manganese and zinc release from feed ingredients revealed that copper disappearance (%) was higher in all the feed ingredients followed by Mn and Zn. In vivo metabolic studies were carried out on bucks in a 4x4 Latin square design fed on four complete diets T1, T2, T3 and T4. The DMI was 2.7 kg/percent body weight which is in accordance with ICAR (1998) recommendation. The DCP intake was 115.7, 121.2, 117 and 117 g/animal/day in T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. There was no significant difference between treatments with regard to DMI or DCP intake. Significant differences were also not observed between treatments with regard to total nitrogen excretion (g/day), N retention (g/day) and N retention expressed as % of intake. The N-retention expressed as % of intake in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 57.1, 58.1, 52.0 and 54.1 % respectively. The mineral supplementation did not influence the nitrogen retention in all the treatments. Positive nitrogen balances were observed in all the treatments showing that there was no negative effect of mineral supplementation on N- balance. The CP digestibility coefficients (%) of T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 78.4, 82.1, 78.2 and 76.6 % respectively. The mineral supplementation did not affect the digestibility coefficients (%) of DM, CP, CF, EE and NFE and did not show any significant difference between the treatments. The copper retention expressed as percent of Cu intake in T1, T2, T3 and T4 were 65.1, 64.8, 70.8 and 75.0 % respectively, suggesting that significant differences (P< 0.05) were observed between the treatments with regard to Cu intake (g/d) and copper retention (g/day). The organic mineral supplement showed better bioavailability than other supplements. The zinc retention (g/day) and zinc retention expressed as percent of intake showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between the treatments. Significant difference was not observed between organic and inorganic mineral supplementation with regard to zinc retention expressed as percent of zinc intake. The zinc retention was highest in T2 group which was supplemented with commercial mineral mixture. Mn retention expressed as percent of intake was 18.0, 38.2, 32.3 and 33.7 % respectively in T1, T2, T3 and T4 treatments. Significant differences were observed between the treatments with regard to Mn intake (g/day), Mn retention and Mn retention expressed as percent of intake. The plasma Cu, Mn and Zn concentrations in all the animals increased at the end of the metabolic study, as compared to the values at the start of the experiment. It can be concluded that the organic mineral supplements were better bio-available than the inorganic mineral supplements. The mineral supplementation has shown positive nitrogen and mineral balances in GNH based complete diets. Further studies are required to study the effect of mineral supplementation on immune response, stress and reproductive performance of animals.enGROUNDNUT HAULM; mineral supplementation; mineral release; nutrient digestibility; in sacco ; in vivoThesis