Kumar, AdarshSingh, Jobanjit2018-09-122018-09-122017-07-24http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810072845The aim of the present study was to determine the actual effectiveness of various image-guided interventions for the management of large animal patients suffering from several diseases and disorders. A total of 75 large animal patients were subjected to investigation, with the usage of imaging modalities viz. ultrasonography, laparoscopy and endoscopy, for executing various interventions. The brachial plexus on sonography appeared as multiple hypoechoic structures surrounded by a hyperechoic rim. Its adequate, low dosage, complication free blockade was accomplished. Ultrasound guidance for the identification of hyperechoic sciatic nerve and its approach from the proximal third of the femur was found to be a relatively simple technique. Satisfactory surgical analgesia of the flank region was achieved using ultrasound-guided paravertebral regional block with an out-of-plane approach used for needle insertion proving to be more efficient in contrast to an in-plane-approach. Ultrasound guided puncture of the atlanto occipital joint for CSF collection and myelography proved to be very precise and easy which precludes the complications related to blind puncture. It doesn’t necessitate the ventroflexion of the head thus avoiding stress, resistance to handling and possible respiratory depression in animals and moreover, yielded grossly clear and colourless CSF samples having no or minimal microscopic evidence of blood contamination. Transhepatic ultrasound guided cholecystocentesis was performed with precision and accuracy at the 11th ICS and is of extreme diagnostic value in bovine medicine. The isolation of the star-shaped portal vein and its centesis was performed through the 11th, 10th and 9th intercostal spaces. Ultrasound steered percutaneous portocentesis is a simple and safe procedure. Ultrasonic guided abdominocentesis helped in identifying the smallest and safest location of puncture anywhere in the abdomen without complication. All the major identifiable organs of alimentary tract can easily be sampled using ultrasound. Ultrasound-guided biopsy of the right kidney, liver, spleen, and pancreas can be derived with exactitude and specificity of the area of interest. Thoracic cavity effusions can be managed effectively utilizing ultrasound-guided thoracocentesis. Laparoscopy guided biopsies precluded the invasive and often time consuming surgical interventions and facilitated the direct visualization of the target organs. Intra-operative laparoscopy assisted procedures like ovariectomy enabled the minimal exposure of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and their access under visual monitoring by minimal manipulation of visceral organs. It further allowed the assessment of a perfect vascular pedicle ligature. Endoscopy guided, electrosurgical resection of obstructive lesions inside the teat cistern ensured its maximum removal without damaging the healthy mucosa. The use of image guided interventions is a step forward for the advancement of large animal medicine and surgery.ennullThesis