R.K.PandayRakesh Roshan Kumar Singh2024-07-022024-07-021995https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810211302Wheat, an energy-rich cereal, serves as staple food and provides about 20 per cent of the total food calories of the human diet. Wheat is cultivated throughout the world on an area about 232 million hectares. India with 25.40 million hectares is the fourth largest wheat growing country in the world. India produces about 68.71 million tonnes (1996-97) with the productivity of 27 q/ha. The productivity of wheat in Bihar is about 17.95 q/ha and Ranchi district is about 13.15 q/ha. The present study was undertaken in Kanke block of Ranchi district, selected purposively because of the fact that Birsa Agricultural University was established in 1981 at Kanke (Ranchi) and various Research projects on wheat are being conducted by this University in this area since then. Four village namely Nagri, Chamma, Bukru and Chaubey Khatanga were selected by random sampling among the list of wheat growing villages in Kanke block. A total of 45 samples (17 marginal - below 1.0 hectare, 15 small - 1.0 to 2.0 hectares and 13 medium - 2.0 to 4.0 hectares farms) were selected randomly according to proportionate to sample size of each group. Data were collected with the help of pre tested schedule/questionnaire through survey method for the year 1995-96. The results revealed that the per farm total area under wheat cultivation were 0.09, 0.16 and 0.60 hectare on the marginal, small and medium farms which constituted about 10.22, 10.66, and 15.95 per cent of the total gross cropped area were devoted under wheat cultivation as compared to other crops in the Rabi season by all categories of the farms in the area under investigation. The cropping intensity were 118.00, 125.00 and 128.00 per cent on the marginal, small and medium farms, respectively. The benefit-cost ratio analysis gives an indication of efficiency with respect to management and overall farm organization. The economics of wheat cultivation indicated that the benefit-cost ratio over various costs were in order of Rs.3.27, 3.05 and 3.32 over cost A₁, Rs.3.27, 3.05 and 3.32 over cost Az, Rs.2.17, 2.12 and 2.36 over cost B and Rs.1.47, 1.50 and 1.72 over cost C on marginal, small and medium farms respectively. The results revealed that the benefit-cost ratio was much higher over cost A, as compared to other costs. It was also found that benefit-cost ratio more on the medium farms than the other size group of the farms. It was clearly indicated that the return over per rupee investment was higher on the medium size group of the farm than the other size group of the farm in the area under investigation. A comparative picture of yield of different varieties of wheat at various level of fertilizer doses an experimental field and farmer's field were analyzed. It was found that the yield gap of wheat was about 257.57, 238.21 and 183.93 per cent over marginal, small and medium farms respectively in the experiments conducted at Fi (80 kg N + 0 kg P + 8 kg K), F₂ (120 kg N + @ kg P + @ kg K) and F3 (160 kg N + @ kg P + 8 kg K) level of fertilizers under All India Co-ordinated Wheat Improvement Project. It was also found that the maximum gap was noted over marginal size group of the farms than the other size group of the farms. The results revealed that the yield gap of wheat was about 195.18, 179.20 and 136.04 per cent over marginal, small and medium size group of the farms respectively in the experiments conducted at S₁ (40 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K), S₂ (88 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K) and S3 (120 kg N + 32 kg P + 16 kg K) level of fertilizers under Cropping System Project. It was also found that yield gap was higher on marginal farms than the other size group of the farms. The study clearly indicated that the average yield of farmers in Ranchi district (25 kg N + 20 kg P + 10 kg K level of fertilizers) were lower than the yield obtained on the sample farms. It was found that the yield gap was lower by 8.23, 13.28 and 26.61 per cent over marginal (35 kg N + 25 kg P + 15 kg K), small (40 kg N + 20 kg P + 20 kg K) and medium (45 kg N + 25 kg P + 20 kg K) farms respectively. So, yield of wheat could be increased much higher even after the application of medium farmer doses of fertilizer (1.e. 45 kg N + 25 kg P + 20 g K = 90 kg fertilizer) in the Ranchi district as a whole. Therefore, it was concluded that the possibilities of increasing wheat production was much higher in Ranchi district as a whole by judicious use of fertilizer application main and other resources. It was revealed constraints involved in the adoption of that the improved practices of wheat cultivation were lack of capital followed by were about irrigation facilities. The other important ranked according to its priority as lack of improved practices, soil condition, lack facility, constraints knowledge storage lack of lack of proper and easy credit facility and of marketing facility etc. in the area under investigation.EnglishThesis