Om PrakashTomar, Himanshi2021-08-042021-08-042020-12https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810171389The objectives of the present research work were to investigate the phytochemical analysis and biological activites of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum sanctum essential oils. The plants were collected from different regions of Kumaon (Pantnagar, Jawaharnagar), Uttarakhand in the month of August and September, 2019. The essential oils of fresh aerial part of the collected plant materials were extracted by using Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils of O. Gratissimum (OGEO) and O. sanctum (OSEO) were analysed by GC and GC-MS method. The phytochemical analysis of OGEO revealed the occurrence of over 28 compounds out of which 26 constituents were identified which contributed 96.5% of the total essential oil. The major components of OGEO were eugenol (74.8%), cis-caryophyllene (8.0%), γ-muurolene (3.0%), γ-cadinene (2.0%), β- caryophyllene oxide (2.0%). Similarly, in OSEO 25 constituents were identified which contributed 96.4% of the total essential oil. The major components of OSEO were eugenol (54.0%), cis- caryophyllene (15.1%), β-elemene (12.0%), germacrene-A (6.5%), β-caryophyllene oxide (2.4%), neo-intermedol (2.1%), α-humulene (1.4%) besides other minor cconstituents. Both OGEO and OSEO exhibited dose dependent in-vitro anti-oxidant activity, evaluated by reducing power, DPPH scavenging and metal chelating assay, as indicated by different IC50 values ranging from RP50 =36.59±0.14μl/mL to RP50=46.24±1.49 μl/mL for reducing power activity, IC50 =95.69±0.99μl/mL to IC50= 115.30±0.29μl/mL for radical scavenging activity and IC50= 17.83±0.17μl/mL to IC50= 82.54±0.36μl/mL for metal chelating activity, with respect to various standards like ascorbic acid, BHT, EDTA, respectively. For anti-fungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, both OGEO and OSEO exhibited strong anti-fungal activity by inhibiting the mycelial growth up to 100% as a function of concentration. Both the oils were observed to exhibit strong anti-feedant activity (90%) against Spilosoma obliqua, the major pest of soya bean (Glycine max) and broad leaf crops. With respect to diclofenac sodium, the standard anti-inflammatory drug both OGEO and OSEO exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity with IB50= 52.10±0.14μl/mL and IB50= 39.83±0.32μl/mL, respectively. Similarly, good anti-diabetic activity was observed in both OGEO and OSEO with IB50= 98.54±0.04μl/mL and IB50= 96.14±0.57μl/mL, respectively compared to acarbose (IB50= 86±0μl/mL). Based on these observations, it can be inferred that OGEO and OSEO can be a good natural resource of eugenol and various biological activities after proper clinical trials.EnglishThesis