Panchal, M. T.Vala, Karsan B.2018-05-252018-05-252009http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810047537The present study on "Anatomical causes of bovine infertility in genital organs of she-buffaloes" was carried out on 131 female buffaloes (Bubalis bubalis) reproductive tracts collected from the local abattoir at Anand. The organs were studied for palpation accuracy, the incidence of gross lesions, for testing tubal impatency, biometry of genitalia and histopathological investigation. The study was carried out at Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand over a period of eight months, from August 2008 to April 2009. Pre-slaughter Examination A total of 20 buffaloes were examined per-rectally at random just prior to the slaughter for determination of reproductive abnormalities to assess the palpation accuracy and the findings were compared with post-slaughter observations. The maximum difference in palpation accuracy was found in functional structures on the ovary (45.00%), followed by kinked cervix;(20.00%), perirnetritis (20.00%), cervical ectropion (15.00%), mild ovaro-bursal adhesions (10.00%), endometritis (10.00%), vaginal bends (5.00%), paraovarian cyst (5.00%) and early pregnancy (0.00%). Biometry of genitalia All the non-gravid reproductive organs (n=127) were measured for their length and width using a digital vernier caliper. The mean (± SE) length and width of cervix were found to be 7.05 ± 0.49 and 2.37 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. The mean (± SE) length and width of left uterine horns were found to be 24.75 ± 0.49 and 2.43 ± 0.08 cm, respectively, and those for the right horns were 25.13 ± 0.49 and 2.49 ± 0.08 cm, respectively. The average length and width of the left oviduct were observed to be 20.06 ± 0.32 and 0.26 ± 0.01 cm, respectively, and those of the right oviduct were 20.50 ± 0.33 and 0.26 ± 0.004 cm, respectively. The mean length, width and height of the left ovary were found to be 2.08 ± 0.03, 1.26 ± 0.03 and 1.45 ± 0.02 cm, respectively, and the corresponding values for the right ovary were 2.01 ± 0.03, 1.22 ± 0.02 and 1.43 ± 0.03, respectively. Abattoir Survey of Genitalia Out of 131 reproductive organ examined, 4 (3.05%) were found to have an early pregnancy of 30 to 40 days and 127 organs (96.95%) were found to be nongravid comprising 29 (22.14%) normal and 98 (74.81%) having gross abnormalities. The cervical affections were found to be the maximum in 68 (51.91%) organs followed by uterus 38 (29.01%), ovary and bursa 30 (20.61%), fallopian tube 18 (13.74%), vagina 6 (4.58%) and under developed genitalia 4 (3.05%). Among the affections of ovaries and mesovarium, the paraovarian cysts were found in 13.74 per cent (18) genitalia of culled infertile buffaloes followed by ovaro- bursal adhesions ( 9.16%, 12), luteal cyst (1.53%, 2), follicular cyst (0.76%, 1) and ovarian haematoma (0.76%, 1). Amongst the oviducts (n=254) examined, gross unilateral enlargement was found in 10 tubes (7.63%) comprising unilateral and bilateral enlargements in 6 (4.58%) and 4 (3.05%) tubes, respectively. Using air insufflations technique, unilateral tubal impatency was found in 8.40 per cent tracts (n=ll) comprising 4.58 (n=6) and 3.82 (n=5) per cent in right and left fallopian tubes, respectively, whereas bilateral impatency was observed in 4.58 per cent (n=6) genitalia. The rate of tubal blockage at the uterotubal junction, isthmus and ampulla were found to be 69.57, 21.74 and 8.70 per cent, respectively. The female tubes were found to be partially patent in 3.05 per cent (n=4) tubes. The gross lesions in the fallopian tubes comprised pyosalpinx (n=2) and hydrosalpinx (n=2) each 1.53 per cent. The uterine disorders were found in 38 (29.01%) genitalia among 98 culled infertile buffaloes comprising perimetritis (20.60%), endometritis (19.85%), perimetrial cyst (3.05%) and leomyoma (0.76%). The cervical disorders were found to be in 51.91 per cent (n=68) excised buffalo genitalia, comprising kinked cervix in 41.98 per cent (n=55) and prolapsed cervical rings in 8.40 per cent (n=ll) buffaloes. The vaginal disorders were found to be 4.58 per cent (n=6) comprising vaginitis in 3.82 per cent (n=5) and vaginal bends in 0.76 per cent (n=l) buffaloes. Histopathological Investigations . Out of 29 uterine necropsy tissue samples studied histopathologically, the histological lesions of endometritis were in 19.85 (n=26) per cent genitalia, comprising the acute, subacute and chronic endometritis in 15.38 (n=4), 15.38 (n=4) and 69.24 (n=18) per cent genitalia, respectively. Endometriosis / adenomyosis was found in only one case (0.76%). Among the organs examined (n=127) for tubal affections, 21 (16.03%) genitalia had either tubal impatency or lesions of salpingitis. On the basis of histopathological findings of 14 fallopian tubes, mild (+), moderate (++) and severe (+++) degree of salpingitis were found in 2 (14.29%), 3 (21.43%) and 9 (64.29%) fallopian tubes, respectively. A very rare condition like formation of mucosal/submucosal cysts was observed in 4 oviducts. Loss of mucosal/submucosal glands was noticed in 2 fallopian tubes and the formation of multilobular lumen in 2 tubes. Determination of genital abnormalities through rectal palpation poses a major limitation for field veterinarian. Aetio-pathologically, two third of culled buffaloes were having either single or multiple gross abnormalities, being the acquired cervical affections to be the maximum in one half of the culled buffaloes, suggestive of squeal of multiple cervical insults / injuries while handling the female genitalia at parturition and/or artificial insemination at the field level. The deteriorated genital health of culled buffaloes being observed during histopatholgical examination indicated possible utility of biopsy examination in infertile animals while culling. Field veterinarians, para veterinarians and inseminators involved in the breeding activities at the field level should exercise extreme care to minimize the cervical affections while genital palpations, inseminations and handling of dystocia problems.enVeterinary Obstetrics and GynaecologyA StudyThesis