Prabhakar, T.G.TANUVAS2018-07-252018-07-252009-09http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810061980Vaccination is the preventive method of choice to fight against microbial pathogens and presents the best cost/benefit ratio among current clinical and pharmaceutical practices. There are many reasons and serious threats which make the development of new advanced vaccines necessary, for example, avian flu the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens. Newer approaches to vaccine development are now urgently needed for two reasons.en-USVeterinary ScienceVeterinary MicrobiologyBook chapter