Rathore, A.L.Hemlata2016-07-042016-07-042015232phttp://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/68432Summer rice has sizeable area in India and Chhattisgarh State and also have increasing trend with creation of irrigation resources. Flooding is common method for irrigation to summer rice causing huge wastage of water from rice field through seepage, percolation and surface evaporation and unproductive losses of ground and surface water. Efforts to create new avenues for irrigation are not realizing due to diverting created potential for growing summer rice. Two rice experiments were conducted with objectivs to workout suitable establishment and irrigation method to summer rice and dripper and lateral spacing and frequency and time of drip irrigation during summer seasons of 2012 and 2013 at the Research Farm, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur (Chhattisgarh). Soil of the experimental field was clayey in texture (Vertisols) locally known as Kanhar. The soil was low in available 26 nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. Both the experiments were conducted in strip plot design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three establishment methods (direct seeding -DSR, wet seeding-broadcasting sprouted seed on puddled soil -WSR and transplanting -TPR) as main plot and four irrigation methods (conventional irrigation- Conv. Irrig, recommended irrigation -3 days after disappearance of flooding water- Rec. Practice, drip irrigation-Drip and sprinkler irrigation- Sprinkler) as sub plot in one experiment. Second experiment comprised of three dripper and lateral spacing i.e. Lateral and dripper spacing at 50 cm (50L50D), Lateral at 50 cm and dripper at 40 cm spacing (50L40D) and Lateral at 60 cm and dripper at 50 cm spacing (60L50D) in main plots and four frequency and time of irrigation i.e. irrigate one hour daily (1H1D), two hour every 2nd day (2H2D), three hours every 3rd day (3H3D) and two hours every 3rd day (2H3D) in sub plots. Rice variety MTU 1010 in first experiment and IR 64 in second experiment was taken as test varieties of rice. Crop was established within 8-10 days in DSR whereas 12-15 days in WSR after incubation of dry seed and 36-39 days in TPR after incubation to establishment of transplanted nursery in field. On an average, the crop matured in 130, 135 and 138 days respectively in TPR, DSR and WSR. Drip irrigated TPR matured earliest followed by drip irrigated DSR. Plant growth parameters and yield attributing characters and seed yield was remarkably higher in transplanted rice irrigated through drip system followed by direct seeded rice irrigated through drip system. The maximum water use was recorded in TPR (2117 - 2050 mm) whereas; minimum in DSR (1776 - 1910 mm). Among the methods of irrigation, highest water use was observed in conventional irrigation (3617 - 3792 mm). Energy input reduced significantly by DSR with drip irrigation and maximum energy input was consumed by TPR with conventional flood irrigation. Drip irrigated transplanted rice gave the maximum net return which was closely followed by drip irrigated direct seeded. However cost of cultivation increased in drip irrigation but it is possible to expand summer rice area to fold by introduction of drip irrigation over conventional flood irrigation in summer rice. 27 Direct seeded rice established in two weeks in all the treatments whereas 50L40D and 1H1D matured in 128-130 days and 60L50D - 2H3D required 130 -135 days in maturity. Growth parameters, yield attributes and seed yield was remarkably higher in 50L40D and 50L50D amongst lateral and dripper spacing and 1H1D and 2H2D in frequency and time of irrigation. Significant variation with maximum water use was recorded in 50L40D with 1H1D treatment (1562 mm). Maximum water use efficiency (WUE) was found in 50L40D with 1H1D treatment. Energy input was significantly higher in 50L40D with irrigation for three hours on every 2nd day. Highest net return and benefit: cost ratio was obtained in 50 cm lateral and 40 cm dripper spacing irrigating daily for one hour. Thus, drip irrigated transplanted and direct seeded rice can be recommended for maximizing yield and net returns of summer rice and saving of electric energy in lifting of ground water and maximizing water use efficiency (4-5 kg ha-1mm-1). The lateral should be placed at 50 cm spacing and dripper at 40 or 50 cm inline spacing and the drip system should be operated for one hour daily or two hours on every 2nd day for optimizing productivity and maximizing returns and water use efficiency.enAgronomy, Irrigation, water, Wastage of waterThesis