Singh, RamLaitonjam, Nivetina2023-01-302023-01-302019-02https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810192937Climate change has been felt and experienced in India. Over the years, there is increasing trend in temperature and rainfall is erratic (IPCC, 2007). The changing climate is also noticeable in North Eastern Region (NER). In past years, there were occurrence of drought and flood. In 2006 and 2009, there was severe drought in the whole NER including Manipur (Das et al., 2009) but recently during 2015 and 2017, there was flood in Manipur (Zutshi and Verma, 2017; Chakraborthy and Joshi, 2016). The changing climate and the climatic extremes (drought and flood) mostly affect the agriculture sector as it depends on rainfall and temperature but adaptation can reduce the negative impact and increase benefit (Reilly, 1999). With this scenario, the present study assessed the extent of household vulnerability to climate change, studied the adaptation strategies, analyzed the different factors determining adaptation and to calculate the cost and benefit of adaptation strategies. The study was conducted in Imphal East and Churachandpur district of Manipur where a total of 200 farmers were drawn randomly using probability proportional to size sampling. To achieve the objectives, vulnerability indices were worked out using indicators of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity; binary logit model was used for accessing the factors determining adaptation to climate change and partial budgeting was used to calculate the cost and benefit of adaptation strategies. In Manipur, there was increasing trend in annual rainfall during 1975-2013 but it was insignificant. In minimum and maximum temperature there was significant increase during 1975-2013. Manipur experienced extreme climatic variability viz., moderate wet, very wet and extreme wet on one side and moderate dry, very dry and extreme dry on the other. The vulnerability indices revealed that households in Imphal East district fall in high vulnerability category due to high exposure and sensitivity to climatic variability. During low rainfall, Strategy D1 followed by Strategy D2 were the major adaptation strategies take on by the rice growers in Imphal East district while in Churachandpur district, majority of farmers implemented Strategy D5 and D6. Majority of farmers in Imphal East followed Strategy F1 followed by Strategy F2 during heavy rainfall or flood while in Churachandpur district, majority of farmers implemented Strategy F5 and F6. Among the different adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers during drought, Strategy D1 and Strategy D5 were the most economically feasible strategy in Imphal East and Churachandpur district, respectively. During flood, the farmers adopting Strategy F3 and Strategy F6 received the highest net benefit in Imphal East and Churachandpur district, respectively and these strategies were the most economically feasible one among the different strategies. The study recommends the implementation of only economically feasible strategy among the different strategies for drought and flood situation in the study area.EnglishProduction factorsRiceThesis