HEMA KUMAR, H.V.KISHAN, K2018-08-092018-08-092017http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810063809D5472The sustainability of water resources is a critical issue against the backdrop of rising water demand for agricultural, industrial and domestic uses as the world needs about 60% more food (FAO, 2013) to feed the 9.5 billion people in 2050 (United Nations, 2012). The issue has become more challenging in the light of shrinking water resources due to urbanization, contamination, and climate change impacts. The Central Ground Water Board strongly emphasized and recommended conjunctive use of surface water and ground water should be followed not only to meet the requirements of tail-end areas but also to reduce the water logging and salinity problems. Appapuram channel (commands about 10,000 ha and is of 43.186 km length) is a Commamuru canal in Krishna Western Delta (KWD), flowing through agricultural fields of Chebrolu, Vatticherukuru and Kakumanu mandals of Guntur district is found to be appropriate as per its representative scope for conjunctive use planning. Hence this research study, titled “Optimum Allocation of Surface and Ground Water Resources of Appapuram Channel in Krishna Western Delta” is proposed on a pilot scale to fulfill the following objectives. i) To assess the surface water quality and quantity available in Appapuram channel command. ii) To estimate the ground water resources quality and quantity available in the channel command. iii) To estimate the irrigation water requirements of existing and other high value crops in the channel command using Aqua Crop model. iv) To optimize the use of surface and ground water resources using LINGO and other models to maximize the profit in the channel command. v) To study the institutional management and capacity building aspects for the successful implementation of identified conjunctive use planning. The command area of Appapuram channel, which branches form Commamuru branch canal (Krishna Western main canal) near Sangam Jagarlamudi lock is selected as the study area. It spreads over 10000 ha and is on an average 6 m above the mean sea level. Interaction meetings and interviews with the farmers, WUA members were conducted to collect the information regarding the cropping pattern, canal supplies, demand and short falls. Field visits were made to study the actual cropping pattern existing in the command. Though the crops like paddy, cotton, maize, chillies, black gram, and green gram and sugarcane are commonly grown in the area, for the past three years, farmers were growing paddy, in kharif and maize, blackgram in rabi seasons respectively. The model CROPWAT was run to calculate the effective rainfall which is an important parameter for calculating crop irrigation requirement. The canal water release data for 10 years (2005-2015) were collected from Water Resources Department at Bapatla in AP and analyzed for further investigation. The details of crops grown in the command, climate, soil data etc. collected are used to assess the net irrigation requirement in the distributary using Aqua Crop 4.0 Model. ‘LINGO’ model is chosen for the study for optimized allocation of to maximize the net profit. To summaries the results, For branche no.1,2,8 & 9, there is no feasibility of conjunctive use planning at present in view of saline ground water. For branch no. 3, 4, 5, 6,7 & 8 the profit could be increased when 40% and 50% additional ground water is pumped from the commands. Though different crops tried, the model allocated more area for chillies followed by rice and cotton in view of their high value and profit contribution. For branch No.1 of Appapuram canal, if 100% and 90% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 59.35lakh and Rs.53.41 lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch No. 2 of the canal, if 100% surface water alone is used, a maximum profit of Rs. 175.54 lakh rupees could be obtained. For branch No.3 if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized, a profit of Rs. 125.87 Rs.169.46, 191.25 and 213.05 lakh could be obtained respectively. For branch No.4, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 37.37, 50.02, 56.77, 63.23 and 69.71 lakh could be obtained respectively. For branch No.5, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 106.37, 143.20, 161.60, 180.02, and 198.43 lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.6, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 130.45, 175.64, 198.22, 220.79, and 243.38lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.7, if 100% surface water, 100% surface water+ 20% Ground Water, 100% surface water+ 30% Ground water, 100% surface water+ 40% 100% surface water+ 50% are utilized a profit of Rs. 18.925, 34.32, 48.577 and 62.17 lakh respectively could be obtained respectively. For branch No.8 if 100% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 35.355lakh respectively could be obtained. For branch No.9, if 100% of surface water alone is utilized, a profit of Rs. 29.47 lakh respectively could be obtained. As per the survey conducted in the entire command, it lacks the involvement of institutes particularly in conjunctive use of surface and ground water resources. There is lot of gap and capacity building is highly essential for the line departments and farmers in formulating and for the successful implementation of the conjunctive use plans. From the above study, it could be concluded that an additional benefit of Rs. 5000- 8000/-/per ha could be foreseen if conjunctive use plans of surface and ground water are implemented in the command.en-USnullThesis