JOSHI, B. P.BRAHMBHATT, ANKITA N.2018-06-112018-06-112015http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810051063The present study was conducted on five weeks old sixty four (32 male and 32 female) Swiss albino mice to assess the hnmunotoxicopathological effects of acetamiprid. All the male and female mice were randomly divided in to eight different groups. The groups I (male) and II (female) served as controls whereas remaining groups served as treatment groups and were administered acetamiprid at the daily dose rate of 20 mg/ kg body weight (Group III (male) and VI (female)); 10 mg/kg body weight (Group rv (male) and VII (female)); and 5 mg/kg body weight (Group V (male) and VIII (female)) for 28 days. All the groups were monitored daily for any abnonnal behavioral signs, mortality, body weight and feed consumption throughout the study. Assessment of cell mediated and humoral immune response was made by measuring delayed hyper sensitivity reaction after primary and secondary sensitization by dinitroflurobenzene and by micro haemagglutination test against sheep red blood cells. After completion of 28 days treatment, blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical as well as immunological analysis from retro orbital plexus. The mice were sacrificed by means of cervical dislocation at the end of experiment after giving deep anesthesia. A detailed post mortem examination was performed at the end of the experiment and gross lesions were recorded. Tissue samples (liver, kidney, fieafChing, spleen, thymus, testis from male, ovary from female, intestine and brain) were collected in 10% formalin for histopathological examination. Clinical symptoms like weakness, lethargy, paleness of mucous membrane and rough hair coat were apparently evident in mid and high dose group mice. Significant reduction in body weight and feed intake were observed in acetamiprid treated groups at dose rate of 20 mg/kg/day as compared to the control group. There was significant increase in kidney to body weight ratio in high dose of acetamiprid treated (20 mg/kg b.w.) male as well as female mice which indicated nephrotoxic effect of acetamiprid. There was also significant decrease in the spleen to body weight ratio and thymus to body weight ratio in the same male and female groups and suggested toxic effect of the compound on immune organs like spleen and thymus. There was significant decrease in haematological parameters like TEC, Hb, TLC, neutrophils and lymphocytes count in high dose group mice and revealed potential adversity of acetamiprid at and above dose rates of 20 mg/kg/day on haematopoetic system of mice. A dose dependent significant rise in mean values of AST and ALT were observed in treatment groups, whereas there was significant decrease in total protein and albumin in high and mid dose treated group male as well as female mice. Significant increase in BUN was observed in high dose treated group of male and female mice. Dinitroflurobenzene (DNFB) test conducted to assess the cell mediated immunity revealed the toxic effect of acetamiprid on cell mediated immunity of mice at and above dose levels of 10 mg/kg/day. The high dose group mice revealed a significant decrease in HA titer and indicated the immunotoxic potential of acetamiprid at and above dose levels of20mg/kg/day. Gross morphological changes were not observed in any of the acetamiprid treated mice whereas histopathological examination of the organs collected from high and mid dose group mice revealed the hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and immunotoxic effects of acetamiprid. Liver showed moderate congestion, vacuolar degeneration of hepatocytes and focal areas of necrosis. Vacuolar degeneration of tubular epithelium with focal areas of tubular necrosis and inter tubular haemorrhages were evident in kidneys. Depletion of lymphocytes in the splenic follicles and restricted focal areas of lymphocytic depletion in thymus were observed. Lung sections of high dose group revealed mild to moderate congestion, thickening of alveolar septa, emphysema and focal mononuclear cells infiltration. Congestion and myocardial haemorrhages were observed in the cardiac parenchyma. The histopathological findings were supportive to the haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters studied.enVETERINARY PATHOLOGYA STUDYThesis