Changkija, BendanglaSHARMA, TANU2022-06-242022-06-242022-01https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810184735The present study entitled “Evaluation of salivary biomarkers for chronic kidney disease in dogs” was done for a period of 6 months i.e., February, March, April, September, October and November 2021 with the objective to evaluate and correlate the levels of salivary and serum creatinine and urea in dogs with CKD. The prevalence of CKD in dogs was 0.25%. The highest breed distribution was recorded in Labrador (44.74%); highest distribution was seen in dogs between >6-10 years of age (52.63%) and was predominant in male dogs (60.53%). Most prominent clinical signs of CKD observed were inappetance (84.21%), vomition (57.89%), oral manifestations (55.26%), pale mucous membrane (34.21%), lethargy/depression (28.95%), congested mucus membrane (23.68%), polyuria/polydipsia (15.79%), weight loss (15.79%), diarrhoea (7.89%), and anuria (2.63%). The most prominent oral manifestations observed were halitosis (26.31%) followed by dental tartar (18.42%), dental carries (7.89%) and oral ulcer (2.63%). Haemoglobin and Packed cell volume was significantly lower in dogs with CKD. Ultra-sonographic changes observed in the kidneys of dogs suffering from CKD were hyper-echoic and thick renal cortex, partial or complete loss of corticomedullary differentiation, wrinkled capsule and hyper-echoic medullary rim. Serum and salivary concentration of creatinine and urea were significantly higher in dogs with CKD. A positive correlation between salivary and serum creatinine and salivary and serum urea was noted. Salivary biomarkers (creatinine and urea) were found to be almost equally sensitive and specific when compared to serum biomarkers (creatinine and urea) in reflecting kidney disease. Cut off value of salivary creatinine was 0.89 mg/dl and salivary urea was 18.50 mg/dl.EnglishThesis