Sud, Ajay K.Thakur, Suman2019-01-242019-01-242018-07-24http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810092319Present investigations on the “Evaluation of different organic products against insect-pests of cabbage” were undertaken to study the toxicity, bio-efficacy and persitent toxicity of eight organic products namely, cow urine (5%), Dashparni (10%), Eupatorium leaf extract in cow urine (5%), fermented buttermilk (10%), Jeevamrit (10%), Melia drupe extarct in cow urine (5%), neem leaf extract in cow uirne (5%), Panchgavya (10%) and two biopesticide formulations namely, azadirachtin (0.00045%) and Melia 10EC (0.03%) against Brevicoryne brassicae L., Pieris brassicae L. and Plutella xylostella L. Also, their effect on coccinellids activity was observed. Bioefficacy studies conducted during two cropping seasons (2017 and 2018) at Experimental farm of Department of Entomology, CSK HPKV, Palampur revealed that azadirachtin (0.00045%) was most effective against all the insects and was followed by Melia 10EC (0.03%). Among organic products Melia drupe extract in cow urine (5%), followed by Eupatorium leaf extract in cow urine (5%) and neem leaf extract in cow urine (5%) resulted in maximum population reduction of these insects. Whereas cow urine (10%) was least effective in reducing the population. Reduction in B. brassicae population varied between 12.1 to 31.0 per cent, corresponded to cow urine and azadirachtin whereas in P. brassicae, it ranged between 10.1 to 33.5 per cent. Against P. xylostella, the population reduction varied between 11.6 to 35.0 per cent after two consecutive applications of treatments.The lethal toxicity of these organic products/biopesticide formulations against second instar nymphs of B. brassicae nymphs and second instar larvae of P. xylostella revealed that in all the treatments, mortality increased with increase in concentration as well as increase in duration of treatment from 24 to 72 hr. The descending order of B. brassicae nymphs morality in different products/formulations was azadirachtin (86.7%) > Melia 10EC (83.3%) > Melia in cow urine (70.0%) > Eupatorium in cow urine (65.6%) > neem in cow urine (61.9%) > fermented buttermilk (61.5%) > Dashparni (60.0%) > cow urine (57.5%) > Panchgavya (53.3%) > Jeevamrit (46.7%) and for P. xylostella the order was azadirachtin (90.0%) > Melia 10EC (86.7%) > Melia in cow urine (66.7%) > Eupatorium in cow urine (60.4%) > neem in cow urine (56.7%) > Dashparni (53.3%) > Jeevamrit (48.2%) > fermented buttermilk (46.7%) = Panchgavya (46.7%) = cow urine (46.7%).The persistent toxicity studies undertaken revealed that residues of azadirachtin, Melia 10EC, Melia drupe extract in cow urine, Eupatorium leaf extract in cow urine, neem leaf extract in cow urine persisted for 7 days and least was cow urine (5 days). The order of persistence for B. brassicae was azadirachtin (476.0) > Melia 10EC (448.0) > Melia in cow urine (378.0) > Eupatorium in cow urine (350.0) > neem in cow urine (312.7) >Dashparni (251.8) ≥ Panchgavya (224.0) > Jeevamrit (221.2) = fermented buttermilk (199.2) > cow urine (170.8) and for P. xylostella it was: azadirachtin (456.3) > Melia 10EC (423.6) > Melia in cow urine (381.1) > Eupatorium in cow urine (348.4) > neem in cow urine (310.6) > Jeevamrit (273.8) > Dashparni (237.0) ≥ fermented buttermilk (227.4) ≥ Panchgavya (197.9) > cow urine (156.0). Effect of organic products and biopesticide formulations on coccinellid predator complex activity revealed that the organic products reduced their activity to a low level (2.1 to 11.1%) whereas, their activity was adversely affected by azadirachtin (28.8%) and Melia 10EC (23.0%).ennullThesis