ASHOK, VASILI(MAJOR)RAJASEKHAR REDDY, ANAGAMALLESHWARI, YKALYANI, P2018-10-052018-10-052007-09http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810074847THESESABSTRACT : The extensive prevalence and escalating incidence of Chronic Renal Failure and End Stage Renal Disease worldwide necessitates renal tissue engineering as a practical solution to meet the organ demand for renal transplantation therapy. Renal tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field, which is supported on three pillars- cells, scaffolds and signaling biomolecules. A critical understanding of the role of signaling biomolecules is necessary for tissue engineering because these biomolecules are differentially expressed with specific spatio-temporal distribution. Signalling biomolecules and signal transduction pathways are highly conserved between species during millions of years of evolution, which engenders the scope for probing into mammalian kidney biology by using lower organisms as models. Gallus gallus (chicken) is a suitable animal model to study the role of proteins in renal organogenesis, owing to the availability of extensive literature on embryogenesis and the ease of embryo retrieval. Metanephric kidneys were collected from different developmental stages of Vanaraja breed chick embryos viz., on 7th , 9th , 11th , 13th , 15th , 17th , 19th days , day old chicks and adult cock in ice cold PBS. Embryonic kidneys and kidneys of day old chicks were dissected under diascopic stereo zoom microscope. The kidney tissues were homogenized, centrifuged and supernatants were analyzed by SDS PAGE. Prominent, differential protein expression was evident upon comparing the protein bands of tissue extracts. In total, 22 prominent differentially expressed proteins were identified on careful examination of banding pattern from the tissue extracts of different developmental stages. A single high molecular weight protein band was seen only in the adult sample. Some of these prominent protein bands were identified to be MMP9 (97 kDa), nephronectin (79 kDa), osteopontin (76 kDa), MMP2 (72 kDa), pax 8 (57 kDa), pax 2 (50 kDa), BMP 4 (45 kDa), actin (43 kDa), FGF2 (23kDa), pleitrophin (21kDa), activin 1 (20kDa), endostatin (15kDa) based on their molecular weights and temporal distribution. Further confirmation of the identity of these proteins could be done by in vitro cultural tests, protein sequencing and other functional tests. The present study reveals a prominent, differential protein expression at various developmental stages in kidney organogenesis. Based on the banding pattern, it is proposed that most of the architectural design for kidney organogenesis is framed by the end of embryonic day 15 and after that it is refined to perfection to carry out various biological activities. Research on the histology and immuno-histochemistry of the kidney tissue during various developmental stages can confirm the present findings.enThesis