Tensingh Gnanaraj PTANUVAS2024-08-072024-08-072023https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810212998Domestic fowl was the first farm animal confined indoors in large numbers in automated industrial production systems. Thus the modern poultry has become a model for industrial animal production. Commercialization of poultry has enhanced the meat and egg production substantially throughout the globe significantly contributing to the nutritional security to human kind. The scientific and technological developments in genetic selection, incubation. nutrition, housing, and health and disease control have completely transformed the poultry keeping to a well-organized industry. The total confinement in environmentally controlled houses has reduced production costs by reducing feed intake. The automation of feed and water supply, manure and eggs collection significantly reduced the labour costs, However, all these developments have compromised the welfare of the birds in one or the other way.EnglishOther