Harish ChandraYadav, Pooja2019-01-212019-01-212018-07http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810091738Soil and water are the two most important prerequisite of agriculture. The productivity of agricultural crop largely depends on these resources. The growing demand for food in the country can only be met through by optimum utilization of available water resources and efficient allocation of available land to different crops. Keeping this in view the present study was conducted in the command area of Upper Bhakra canal in the Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand. To estimate the irrigation water requirement of different crops being grown in the area; to develop an area allocation model by considering canal water availability along with three (3, 6 and 9) running of tubewells for different rainfall conditions (drought, normal and surplus) for maximizing the net return from the canal command area. Gumbel distribution function was best fitted for 1st to 15th, 17th, 19th, 20th, 22nd, 23rd, 24th, 33rd, and 37th, from 39th to 47th and from 49th to 51st standard meteorological weeks, in weeks 13th, 16th, 25th, 26th, 27th, 30th, 32nd, 34th, 35th, 36th and 38th Gamma distribution function was fitted best. Similarly, in the standard meteorological weeks 18th, 21st, 31st, 48th and 52nd Normal distribution function was fitted best, in the standard meteorological weeks 28th and 29th fitted with Lognormal distribution function and in 33rd week Exponential probability distribution function was found to be the best fit. The total ground water recharge in the Upper Bhakra canal command area was found 308.73 ha-m and total ground water draft was found 235.50 ha-m. The ground water balance in the command area was found 97.60 ha-m and stage of development is 62.82% which comes under safe category of ground water utilization. Genetic Algorithm was used to allocate the optimal crop area under different rainfall conditions, tubewells running hours along with canal water supply. Nine different crop plans with crop area constraints were developed considering three different probability levels of rainfall occurrence and available canal water supply along with three different tubewells running hours per day (i.e. 3, 6 and 9 hour). Out of all optimal plans, the Plan II (considering canal water along with 6 hour of tubewells running for surplus condition) and III (considering canal water along with 9 hour of tubewells running for surplus condition) gave 7.16% and 57.58% higher net return than the net return obtained for existing pattern, under safe limit of groundwater utilization for surplus rainfall condition. The optimal cropping pattern under Plan II is rice (638.89 ha), wheat (695.40 ha), pea (18.84 ha), sugarcane (181 ha), potato (25.12 ha), lentil (10.17 ha), soya bean (24.67 ha), black gram (12.67 ha) and mustard (23.88 ha) with the net return of Rs. 93.92 million. The crops appeared in Plan III are rice (662.38 ha), wheat (722.58 ha), pea (18.84 ha), sugarcane (181 ha), potato (25.12 ha), lentil (10.17 ha), soya bean (24.67 ha), black gram (12.67 ha) and mustard (23.88 ha) with the net return of Rs. 96.52 million. In normal rainfall condition the Plan V (considering canal water along with 6 hour of tubewells running for normal condition) gives 42.39% higher net return than the net return obtained for existing cropping pattern and utilizes groundwater under the safe limit of groundwater utilization. The crops appeared in the optimal Plan V are rice (573.37 ha), wheat (589.11 ha), pea (18.84 ha), sugarcane (181 ha), potato (25.12 ha), lentil (10.17 ha), soya bean (24.67 ha), black gram (12.67 ha) and mustard (23.88 ha) with the net return of Rs. 84.87 million.ennullThesis