Pawalkar, D. A.Gulati Mahima Vinod Kumar2024-10-302024-10-302024-04-10https://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810215982The study entitled ‘DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF LEFT APICAL SYSTOLIC MURMUR IN DOGS’ was carried out at CCDCU, at Department of Veterinary Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, Parel, Mumbai – 400012. Twenty-five dogs, with Left Apical Systolic Murmur and ten apparently healthy control dogs were included in study. Each dog underwent a thorough clinical, haemato-biochemical, radiographic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination. Predominant clinical signs in study group were Exercise intolerance (40%), Orthopnoea (23%), Coughing (13%) and Ascites (11%) while 6/25 dogs exhibited no clinical signs. Significantly higher (p≤0.01) heart rate, respiratory rate and murmur grade were observed in non-survived group than survived group. Digital phonocardiogram proved valuable for diagnosing Left Apical Systolic Murmur, revealing a significant increase (p≤0.01) in the ratio of first (S1) to second (S2) heart sound in study group. Dogs with severe murmur had a nondiscernible second heart sound (S2). Significantly (p≤0.01) lower values of Hb, TEC, PCV and higher TLC, while significantly low (p≤0.05) albumin were observed in study group than control group. VHS and VLAS were significantly increased (p≤0.01) in the study group. Significantly higher (p≤0.01) VLAS was observed in non-survived dogs than survived dogs. VLAS had very high positive correlation with LA/Ao (r=0.82) and RF(r=0.84). VLAS ³2.2-2.4 was found to be a good indicator of LA enlargement. Predominant electrocardiographic changes observed were significantly increased P wave duration (p≤0.01) and PR interval (p≤0.05) in the non-survived group than survived group. On echocardiographic examination, 24/25 dogs reported degenerative changes of mitral valves. LA/Ao, LVIDdN, LVIDsN, MV E (m/s), MV E/A, RF and Tei values were significantly higher (p≤0.01) in non-survived group than survived group. MV E³1.2m/s and RF³50% were found to be good indicators of severe mitral regurgitation. Tei³0.59 was found to be associated with increased risk of cardiac death with 92% sensitivity and 75% specificity.EnglishThesis