Dr. T. MADHAVA RAOBASIRI DINESH2023-11-062023-11-062021-08-30BASIRI DINESHhttps://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810200444The present clinical study was conducted on nine dogs with femoral fractures presented to Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology at College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad. The age of nine dogs ranged from 5-84months. Out of nine dogs, six were males and three were females. Among the nine dogs, five dogs belonged to non-descriptive and the remaining four dogs belonged to Pug, Boxer, Labrador and Beagle breeds of one each. The body weight of the dogs ranged from 9kg to 28kg. Routine clinical, orthopaedic and radiographic examinations were conducted to diagnose the type of femoral fractures in 9 dogs. The symptoms observed in the dogs presented for femoral fracture treatment were abnormal angulation of limb, pain on manipulation, lameness immediately after injury, non-weight bearing, dangling of limb, swelling and crepitation at fracture site. Pre-operative radiographic examination in two orthogonal views, i.e., medio-lateral and cranio-caudal radiographs revealed proximal diaphyseal fractures in two dogs, mid-diaphyseal fractures in six dogs and proximal metaphyseal fracture in one dog. Type of femoral fractures noticed from pre-operative radiographs were comminuted fractures in six dogs, oblique fractures in two dogs, transverse fracture in four dogs and spiral fracture in one dog. All the nine dogs had closed fractures. All these femoral fractures were repaired by plate-rod construct (PRC) using 2.7mm and 3.5mm titanium locking compression plates (LCP) resulted in good immobilization and fracture fixation. The diameter of intramedullary rod (IMR) filled the 40% intramedullary cavity at the isthmus region of the femur. The length of the plate, diameter of pin and lengths of screws to be used were determined by measurements from the pre-operative two orthogonal radiographs. Craniolateral approach used provided good exposure of the fracture site and enabled good fracture fixation. Post-operative radiographic evaluation confirmed proper placement of the plate, intramedullary rod and screws with good apposition and alignment of the fracture fragments in all the nine dogs. Follow-up radiographs taken on 7th, 15th, 45th and 60th post-operative days revealed primary bone healing in two cases and secondary bone healing with periosteal callus formation in seven cases. On 60th post-operative day, radiographs showed completely mineralized and ossified callus at fracture site indication of faster healing. On 90th post-operative day, radiographic study revealed complete bone healing and achieved corticomedullary continuity in all the dogs. All the dogs which were diagnosed with femoral fractures showed grade V lameness on pre-operative day. Eight dogs achieved complete weight bearing by 15th post-operative day, one dog by 30th postoperative day. The functional outcome was graded excellent in seven dogs to good in two dogs. Haematological evaluation revealed that the progressive increase of haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and total erythrocyte count on post- operative days indicated erythropoiesis. The total leukocyte count significantly decreased on post-operative days indicated leucocytopenia which was suggestive of gradual decrease in inflammatory reaction. The neutrophil count decreased on 60th post-operative day when compared to the day before surgery in all the dogs. Contrary to this, the lymphocyte count increased on 60th post-operative day. This indicated gradual decrease of inflammatory reaction. Based on results of this clinical study, it was concluded that plate-rod technique using titanium LCP in repair of femoral fractures offered good recompense and remarkable early limb ambulance with excellent fracture stability till the completion of the bone healing in all the dogs. The titanium locking compression plate was found efficient in plate-rod constructs because it had superior corrosion resistance, lighter in weight, improved biocompatibility, lower young‟s modulus and provided numerous principles of fixation in one implant.EnglishThesis