ALAHA SINGARI, N(MAJOR)NALINI KUMARI, KSURESH KUMAR, R.VESWARA PRASAD, PSURESH, KAMINENI2018-10-262018-10-262009-05http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/handle/1/5810082255THESESABSTRACT : The present study was undertaken to study the prevalence of vomiting, its causative factors, other associated symptoms, haemato biochemical changes, ultrasonographic findings, endoscopic appearance and efficacy of antiemetic drugs in afebrile dogs with vomiting. A total 135 (8.67%) afebrile vomiting dogs out of 1558 were selected during the study period. Vomiting was mostly observed in Pomeranian breed and the prevalence was higher in male pups below 6 months of age. Dietary abnormalities were found to be the causative factors for vomiting in majority (45.93%) cases followed by renal failure, hepatic disorders, gastric ulcers, parasitic infection, foreign bodies, pyometra, Diabetes ketoacidosis and tumors. Apart from vomiting anorexia, depression to lethargy, loss of weight and dehydration of varying degrees were the clinical signs evident in all dogs. In addition haematemesis and anaemia in renal failure, hepatic disorders and gastric ulcers; abdominal pain due to the presence of foreign bodies and tumors; polyuria and oliguria in renal failure; emaciation, icterus, polydipsia and ascitis in hepatic disorders; diarrhoea, melena and anaemia in parasitic infection and polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and cataract in Diabetes ketoacidosis were the other characteristic signs. High PCV, Hb and TEC counts in dietary abnormalities, foreign bodies and Diabetic ketoacidosis; increased TLC in renal failure, hepatic disorders, gastric ulcers, pyometra and tumors; increase in neutrophils in renal failure, hepatic disorders, gastric ulcers, pyometra and tumors and high eosinophil count in parasitic infestation and gastric ulcers were prominent in dogs with vomiting. Hyponatremia due to presence of foreign bodies and Diabetic ketoacidosis; hypokalemia and hypochloremia in all cases; increased ALT levels in hepatic disorders; hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia in hepatic disorders, gastric ulcers and tumors; high globulin levels in pyometra; hyperglycemia in Diabetic ketoacidosis and elevated BUN and creatinine levels in renal failure were the characteristic biochemical alterations noted in dogs with vomiting. Gas filled intestines with plication in gastro enteritis, prominent kidney opacity in renal failure; ground glass appearance in ascites; foreign bodies in the oesophagus, stomach and intestines; uterine distension in pyometra and intra abdominal neoplasm were the radiographic abnormalities detected in the present study. Generalized mucosal oedema along with foam and several streaks of bile tinged fluid in most cases of gastritis along with haemorrhages, erosions, large ulcers, shallow ulcers and hyperemic gastric mucosa were revealed on endoscopy. Hyperechoic cortex, loss of detail of CMJ, hyperechoic medulla and thickened urinary bladder wall in renal failure; hyperechogenecity, hepatomegaly, anechoic ascitic fluid and cholecystitis in hepatic disorders and enlargement of uterus and uterine horns in pyometra were the abnormalities recorded on ultrasonography. In the therapeutic trial conducted as a part of present study 3 (I, II and III) groups of dogs with vomiting due to dietary abnormalities and 2 (IV and V) groups with renal failure were selected with 12 dogs in each. Ringers lactate was given twice daily and Vitamin B1, B6 and B12 once in a day for all dogs. Metoclopramide (Group I), Ondansetron (Group II) and Ondansetron and potassium chloride twice daily (Group III), Metoclopramide and Amoxicillin and cloxacillin (Group IV) and Ondansetron and Amoxicillin and cloxacillin (Group V) were the drugs employed. Though there was significant improvement in all the groups, based on the faster resolution of vomiting and improvement in the haemato biochemical parameters, treatment with Ondansetron and potassium chloride was found to be superior when compared to other two combinations in vomiting due to dietary abnormalities and Ondansetron was found to be superior when compared to Metoclopramide in controlling vomiting due to renal failure.ennullThesis