Studies on pyrolysis products from bio-residues for antimicrobial activity, resin and grease preparation
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Date
2019-07
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G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar - 263145 (Uttarakhand)
Abstract
Pyrolysis products (bio-oil and the aqueous phase of bio-oil) of pine needles, wheat straw, rice husk and sugarcane leaves were used for antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens (Xanthomonas axonopodia, Xanthomonas chrysanthemum, Erwinia tracheiphila, Ralastonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas fluorescens). Biooils and the aqueous phase of bio-oils showed better antibacterial activity at 1000μg/ml. The pine needles bio-oil (14.00±1mm) and the aqueous phase of bio-oils (10.00±1mm) were showed the highest zone of inhibition among all the bio-oils. Hence, pine needle bio-oil and its aqueous phase could be used as antibacterial agent. The pine needles bio-oil have approximately 50% phenols which can be used for partial replacement of the phenol to synthesize the bio-oil-phenol formaldehyde resin. The shear strength analysis of resin showed that 10% and 20% BPF resin have better bonding strength. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative
thermogravimetry (DTG) was showed that the pure PF resin has maximum thermal decomposition as compared to 10% and 20% BPF resins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of resin showed that pure PF resin and 10% BPF resin have almost similar surface structures. Hence, pine needle bio-oil could be used for phenol-formaldehyde resin. The pine needles bio-oils also used for grease preparation. Gear-oil (mineral-oil) was replaced by bio-oil as base oil and animal fat was used as a thickener. The TGA and DTG curves of grease samples were showed that grease sample A (Na-based with mineral oil) having the highest thermal decomposition as compared to sample B (Na-base with bio-oil) and sample C (Li-based with bio-oil). The better dropping point (192ºC) and oxidation stability (136min) were found higher in grease sample C compare to A and B. Cone penetration and copper corrosion values were the same for all the samples showing its liquid consistency and metal protecting nature. The highest value of cone penetration due to the high moisture content in all samples. In grease samples B and C, iron (Fe), Copper (Cu) and Lead (Pd) were found in higher concentration. The additives Ca, Mg, Zn and P were found in very low amount in the grease samples. The ferrographical analysis was found very few wears and contaminations in grease samples (A, B and C), indicating a better behaviour of grease.
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