Screening of wheat cultivars for zinc, iron and manganese biofortification and their partitioning
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Date
2019
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CCSHAU
Abstract
In order to screen prominent bread and durum wheat varieties for their tolerance to Zn, Fe and Mn stress a pot experiment was conducted in the screen house of Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, CCS HAU, Hisar. For this study, soil was collected from Village Balsamand, District Hisar. Before sowing, a basal application of recommended doses of N, P and K were applied using 50 mg N kg-1 soil as urea, 50 mg P kg-1 soil as potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) and 15 mg K kg-1 soil through potassium sulphate (K2SO4) in each pot. Soil was thoroughly mixed and filled in plastic pots at the rate of five kg soil per pot. In all the pots, soil was moistened with distilled water, dried and thoroughly mixed for equilibration. The pots were arranged in completely randomized block design in the screen house according to Steel and Torrie (1980). Ten viable seeds of different varieties of wheat were sown on 30th November, 2017 in each pot. Thinning was done after 30 days of sowing and four plants per pot were allowed to grow up to maturity. Pots were irrigated as and when required. For biofortification study, prominent wheat variety from both durum and bread were used in the experiment. The experiment was laid out under field condition at Research farm, Department of Soil Science.WH-1105 andWHD-943 varieties of wheat were chosen for Zn, Fe and Mn biofortification. The highest value of Zn, Fe and Mn fractions were recorded under Zn Fe and Mn treatment (basal dose @ 25 mg kg-1), (foliar spary 3 times @ 0.5 % FeSO4) and (foliar spray 3 times @ 0.5 % MnSO4), respectively over control. The maximum yield was increased in the RAJ-3765, WH-711 and RAJ-3765 respectively for bread wheat, while WH-896, WHD-948 and PDW-314, respectively for durum wheat after application of Zn, Fe and Mn fertilizers, respectively. Protein content in wheat increased with application of Zn, Fe and Mn fertilizer. There was no significant variation in harvest index in both the bread and durum wheat cultivars with application of Zn, Fe and Mn fertilizers. Zn, Fe and Mn transfer coefficient increased over control in bread and durum wheat varieties. In case of biofortification efficiency, the DTPA-Zn, Fe and Mn were increased significantly with the application of Zn, Fe and Mn fertilizers. The Zn, Fe and Mn fractions were found highest in residual Zn, Fe and Mn respectively, with the fertilizers application. The highest biofortification efficiency of Zn, Fe and Mn were recorded in WHD-943 durum wheat cultivar. Protein content in wheat grains increased with the levels of Zn, Fe and Mn application in both the wheat cultivars. The transfer coefficient of Zn, Fe and Mn increased over control in both the varieties. The Zn, Fe and Mn concentration in the roots increased from 2nd week to 10th week and then decreased up to physiological maturity of the crop in all the treatments over control.