PROSPECTS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN RICE-BASED CROPPING SYSTEM
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Date
2002
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Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
Abstract
1;ielcl experiments were conducted tiusing t\vo consecuti\ e yews (2( 00 ~11d
2001) on sandy loam soils of wet Iiind block of S.\'. Agricultural C'olley,. t-cl~~~~
(ANGIUU), Tirupati (Southern Agro- climatic Zone of 4.P.) to study the "I'rospects
of organic ?arming in rice-based cropping system". 'The investigations ne1.e
conducted for two seasons, with rice during kharifand groundnut during ~-crh~ ,~nd laid
out in randomized block design replicated thrice. ?'he same layout was fi)llowed
during both the years of study. 'The treatments consisted of twelve N manclgement
practices (no N, Azospirillt~m alone, (;M Nl ,o. GLM 1\3 FYM Nloo, 1; Nl,,,,. (;M Ni,,
+ I' Nio, GIJM N50 + F lVso, FYM Ni(, + I' Nil,, GM N<,) + F Nio + Azo., (;I \ 1 '\J,( -i
1' N5(, Azo. and FYM lV50 + 1: NiO + Azo.) applied to lihar~f rice and ground i~it \\as
raised to find out the residual effect of the treatments applied to kharif rice. 1 he Lest
variety ofrice was NIX-145 and that of groundnut was K-134.
The results indicated that different h nianagement practices to rice ~ceabl?
altered the growth parameters, yield attributes, yield and nutrient uptake of slce ;is
well as the post harvest fertility status of soil. The growth attributes ir.. plant
height, total tiller m-2, L.AI and dry matter production lvere highest with Ci\l C,,,,, at
active tillering and with GLM Nio I; N5() f Azo., at panicle initiation. \\bile at
flowering and at harvest the highest stature of the gro\\rth parameters was ;is:.oiintcd
with FNloo.
Yield attributes of rice viz.. panic1i:s In'. number of grains panicle'. iillecl
grains panicle-' and 1000-grain weight were highest with supply of 100 per ccrit N
through fertilizer, which were comparable wlth all the recommended N application
treatments, except the two exclusive organic sources of N supply viz. GM TJ,,,,, and
FYM NlOO.
Grain and straw yield of' rice \\as s~gn~ficantly h~ghe~ \\~th the applicat~on 01
100 per cent N through fertili~er. nh~ch \vas in parity with a11 the integ~,ttcd N
n-~anagement practices of'GLM Ni,, + 1' W,o + Jzo., (iM Nio + F N,,, + iflo.. (;I hl lV,,
t F NSO, GM N5" + F NsO, FYM Nit, t t Nil) i ,lzo , and 1 YM N,,, + 1. lV,,,
Quality parameters of rice viz.. whole graln per cent, nill ling pel. cent. l~roti'itl
content and amylose content of rice kernels were highest with co~?j~lnctive use ot
CiLM Nio+F NSO+Azo., while the higllcst hrclkcn grain percentage \\as I-ecosdctl iz ith
11o N application.
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of rice was the highest \viiIl (ibl
Nloo at active tillering and with GLM Nio + I- Nio t Azo. at panicle initiation, \i liilc at
flowering and harvest the highest N, 1' and I( uptake was registered \irit1i supply of
I00 per cent N through fertilizer.
'The highest organic carbon, aviiilabli: nitrogen and available pot;~ssii~~l~
content of soil (post harvest) were noticed with application of 100 per cent N tll~.ollgIt
I;YM, which was however, comparable N ith all the N a~~plication treatments. cxccpt
1; Nloo, Azospirillzrm alone and control. 'I'he available soil phosphorus status tlid no1
vary to a statistically traceable extent.
The highest gross returns, net returns and BC ratio of rice were recorded ~vith
application of 100 per cent N through t'erti1izt:r (T6).
Supply of 100 per cent N through FYM to preceding rice has recorded the
highest stature of growth parameters viz., plant height, LA1 and dry matter.
production and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, hundred-pod weight, and
hundred-kernel weight of rabi groundnut.
The highest pod and haulm yield of groundnut were recorded with FYh4 Nloo
imposed to preceding rice, which were however statistically similar to FYM Nio +
F NS0 (T9), FYM NSO + F Nso + Azo. (TI 1, GI-M N loo (T4) and GM Nloo (T3).
At 30 and 60 LIAS, the nodule dry we& was highest with FYM NIo0 ~~i~pliecl
to kharif rice, while at 90 DAS anci at hartest the nodule dry tveigtlt \vxs not
significantly influenced by different N management practices imposed to prec e(1ing
rice.
The highest 1\J, P and I( uptake at all the stages of groundnut were recol-ded
with application of FYM Nloo to preceding rice.
The highest post harvest soil organic cart)on, available nitrogen ancl pota-;siillij
content after groundnut were noticed with the application of FYM Nl()(, to preceding
rice, which was however, comparablt: with all the recommended N applic:~tion
treatments, except 100 percent N through fe~ ti lizer. The post har\,est soil available
phosphorus status did not show any significant variation.
I'he highest gross and net rt*ll~r~l~ 1s \+ell ilS i3C ratio of ~I.OLIIIC!IIII~ \\CIC
I-ecordcd 1~1th I.YM Nloo. which \vcrc stat~strcall similar with 1:YhI Y,,) t I U,,).
1:YM Nio t F N,o + .4zo., GLM Nlo0. GM Y,,(). (iLM Nio + I; Ni0, and (;[ 121 Y,,,
1: N,,, t Azo. imposed to khrrrrf rlcc
'l'he highest total dry mattes protiuc tion of'tlic cropping system <IS '1 \\ ht)lih \\.IS
sccordcd with application of C;l,bl Ni,, t I, I'd ;,, t.4~0, \vhile the highest ~.lct'-gr'litl
cclilivalent (economic) yield 01' the cropping system bas noticed with 1.3 A1 N,,, t
1: Nq,.
I he highest gross rctu~ns 01' ii~e crclpping system were recorded \\ 1111 1 \ 14
Nj,+F NsO and the highest net returns were ~vlth 1;Nloo during the first )ear allti \\ith
I:YM N,,, + I; Nio during the second veal, M hlle the highest BC ratio ere I e;:i\tel oil
with the application of 100 per cent N through fertilizer.
'I'he soil organic carbon content tended to increase with each crop of I-1cc a11d
roundn nut of the cropping system. Thc avaiiahle nitrogen, phosphorus and potassitlrn L
content oS the soil tended to incr-eajc \\ it11 tlic saising of rice crop and d :cl.e:lsc
marginally with the raising of groundnut croo.
'I'he nitrogen balance in the cropping sjstern was negative with the trei tnlents
of no N (TI), Azospirillum alone ('I?) and 100 per cent N through fertiliz.~ ('r6)
imposed to rice crop. All other treatments rt:corded positive balance of soil a\ ailable
nitrogen in the cropping system, indicating a ntst gain of soil available nitrogen
In conclusion, it is inferred ii-om the investigations that rice-groundnut
cropping system can be sustained with any package of integration of 50 per cent N
each through fertilizer and any of the organic sources, not only in terms of higher
productivity and economic returns, but also in terms of sustaining the soil fertility
status at a fairly high level. Even though application of entire recommended N
through fertilizer co~lld meet the N recluirerr~e~lt of rice, it would not sustain the soil
fertility status and its residual effecl was meagre for economical prod~tctian of
groundnut in rice-groundnut cropping system. Impact of Azospirillzrtn was marginal,
but considering its cost, it can be included for application to rice in rice-bused
cropping system. Supply of N through exclusi\re oi-ganic sources could not lia ,.z nict
the timely crop demand ofN requirement and also the cost of production i\as higher
with exclusive organic Fa-rni~ig, conip~u-ed to integrated farming or inorg~inic t'a -riling
I Iowever, organic fanning may gain itnportance in future if the lo\\er ieltls and
liigher cost of cultivation are compensated with premium pricing of orgarlicallq
produced rice and groundnut, ~hich of' course. depends on consumer pref'eren~:i. a11d
purchasing powER
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D1193 - MALLU SRINIVASA REDDY